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Cells (Organelles (Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER (More tubular than the…
Cells
Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
Flattened space lined with membrane.
Ribosomes are attached to its outer surface.
Is continuous with the nuclear envelope.
Smooth ER
More tubular than the RER.
Connected with the RER.
Synthesises substances like fats and steroids.
Converts substances from harmful to harmless by detoxification.
Vacuoles
Stores food and water.
Mitochondria
Oxidises food to release energy during aerobic respiration.
Ribosomes
Makes proteins for transport out of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Chemically modifies substances from the ER.
Stores substances in vesicles for secretion out of the cell.
Chloroplasts
Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
The things that make up the nucleus.
Nucleoplasm
Dense material within the nucleus.
Nucleous
Has a part in making the proteins in the cell.
Nuclear Envelope
Separates the contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell.
Chromatin
A mass of long thread-like substances in the nucleus.
Contains deoxyribonucleic acid, aka DNA.
DNA stores hereditary info and carries instructions that a cell need to carry out its activities.
Cells are the building blocks of life. The simplest units that exhibit the characteristics of life.
Cells form tissue. Tissues form organs. Organs form organ systems. These systems form an organism.
Cells consist of living material called protoplasm.
The protoplasm is made up of 3 parts.
Cytoplasm
Contains organelles.
They carry out many functions in the cell.
Nucleus
Controls cell activities.
Essential for cell division. Without it, it can't divide.
Cell Surface Membrane
It surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell.
It's the part between the nucleus and the cell membrane.
It is made up of lipids and proteins.
It is partially permeable.
It allows certain substances to pass through.
Hence controls substance entering or leaving the cell.
Cell Wall
It encloses the entire plant cell.
It is made of celluose.
Gives the cell shape.
Protects it from injury.
It's fully permeable.
Specialised Cells
Includes root hair cells, red blood cells and xylem vessels.