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22 year old Male bodybuilder is experiencing testicles shrinkage…
22 year old Male bodybuilder is experiencing testicles shrinkage
he has been injecting himself with a potent, synthetic anabolic steroids
wanted to gain muscle mass
body stops responding to teststosterone
body wont produce teststosterone
starts producing more estrogen
may develop enlarge breast ( gynecomastia )
increase blood pressure
increase cholesterol levels
elevated blood sugars
can lead to stroke
heart attack
heart muscle may enlarge ( hypertrophy )
decrease pumping ability
changes in the electrical conduction system in the heart causing rhythm changes
can lead to sudden cardiac death
FUNCTIONS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Secrete Hormones that help/start...
Reproduction
Growth and development
Maintenance of electrolyte, water and nutrient balance of blood
Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance
Mobilization of body defenses
2 KINDS OF HORMONES
Amino Acids
Polar
Water soluble
cannot enter cell
G-Protein 2nd messenger
receptor is outside the cell
Steriods/Thyroid Hormone
Nonpolar
bind with intracellular receptors
synthesized from cholesterol
goes into all cells
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Hypothalamus
GHRH
stimulates growth hormone production in pituitary
GHIH
inhibits growth hormone production in pituitary
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
stimulates TSH production in pituitary
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
stimulates ACTH production in pituitary
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
stimulates gonadotropin (FSH, LH) production in pituitary
Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
stimulates prolactin production in pituitary
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) (dopamine)
inhibits prolactin production in pituitary
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Growth Hormone
growth; protein synthesis
Thyrotopin hormone
Stimulate Thyroid
Adrenalcorticotrophic (ACTH)
stimulates adrenal cortex
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
oogenesis; estrogen and spermatogensis production
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
ovulation, formation of corpus luteum
secretion of progesterone
Prolactin (PRL)
formation of milk
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Oxytoxin
Parturition; milk secretion
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
conserves water
Thyroid Gland
Thyroxin (T3)
metabolism
Calcitonin
Calcium deposition
Parathyroid
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
withdraw calcium from bone to raise blood calcium
Adrenal Gland
CORTEX
:
Cortisol, Cortisone
stress responses, anti-inflammatory
Aldosterone
conserve NaCl & Water
Sex hormones
MEDULLA:
Epinephrine
same as sympathetic nervous system
Pancreas
Insulin (beta)
sugar transport, storage, and usage
Glucagon (alpha)
raise blood sugar
Gonads
Estrogen
promote femaleness
Progesterone
maintain pregnancy
Testosterone
promote maleness
Pineal
melatonin
regulates sleep cycle
Thymus
Thymosin
Immunity
HORMONE PATHWAY (Hypothalamus to Testes)
Hypothalamus releases GnRH
stimulates gonadotropin production in pituitary
FSH is stimulated
spermatogenis production
testes start producing testosterone