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Life and government in England (The feudal system (Knights (knight service…
Life and government in England
The feudal system
Tenants in chief
kept some for themselves and divided up the rest
The Church
perform church services: baptisms, funerals, marriages etc.
provided knoghts
became clerks - could read
role in government-influence king's decisions
Knights
knight service: served in king's army for two months, raise money for ransom, 40 days guarding castle
tenants in chief owed a quota of knights
in return for oath, given land they could rent out
forfeiture: failed to perform service, land taken away
King
divided land into feifs
granted land in return for homage and service
kept some for himself then divided up the rest
Peasants
labour service: produced the country's food
villeins: worked the lord's land to earn keep
freemen: paid rent instead of working
cottars: worked one day a week
Kingship and succession
Duties and responsibilities
Manager
consult with barons to establish law and order
Govenor
made key decisions with others to help him run the country
Judge
settled disputes and punished those who broke the law
Knight
led royal army into battle
Priest
protect, respect and support the church
Richard
Easy
oldest surviving son of Henry II - no other realistic successor
Henry made subjects swear allegiance to Richard
Hard
John was the favourite - Richard had to push his claim
Henry refused Richard's demands- to marry Philip's sister, John to join crusade
Attacked Henry's land on continent to make him agree to peace terms
extra measures to prevent power being taken
John
Easy
Richard died with no children
only surviving son of Henry II
Arthur was only 12 - not real competition
had support from key men
Hard
leading men in Brittany chose Arthur over him
Philip II invaded Normandy shortly after Richard's death
Arthur had better claim and resources
Royal government and finances
England under Richard
Positive
Left Hubert Walter in charge - experienced, respected and capable
strong system in place and still involved in key decisions
fixed things from Henry's reign - freed innocent men, restored land
kept on good terms with barons - more well-liked than John
tactics to get people on side i.e. pardoning, using patronage
Negative
only in England for 9 months of his reign
criticised for being war-obsessed
John rebelled and Philip II attacked lands on continent when he was away
England under John
Positive
travelled around England to attend court cases and consult with sheriffs
personally oversaw day - day running of country
reformed royal government and improved administration
Negative
replaced advisors with friends - caused resentment
didn't work as hard as Richard to gain barons' support
didn't use patronage effectively
Raising money
raised taxes
scutage
profits from justice
royal forest
favours
money from incidents
why
pay for crusades
win back/defend lands in France
English society
Anti - Jewish pogroms
Money-lending - Christians couldn't be money-lenders - jealousy - had debt
Jews killed Christ - blamed Jews, believed they captured Holy Land
Richard's coronation - tried to give gifts, angered people - riot
Propaganda - encourage people to go on crusade to fight Jews - scapegoat for anger at Saladin
Medieval towns
Rural England
The Church
Archbishops and Bishops
In charge of priests and monks in their diocese
many were members of government
became clerks as they could read
Pope
God's representative on earth - powerful
authorised appointment of bishops and archbishops
in the king's best interest to remain friendly with Pope
Priests
taught people to read and write
took care of sick and elderly
help people get to Heaven - performed mass
Laity
everyone attended Mass on Sundays
believed God controlled everything - pleasing God was important