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Absolute Monarchs in Europe (in 1559, king henry II of france died,…
Absolute Monarchs in Europe
in 1559, king henry II of france died, leaving four young sons. Three of them ruled, one after the other but all proved incompetent
in 1572, the St Bartholomew's Day massacre in paris sparked a six week nationwide slaughter of huguenots. The massacre occurred when many huguenot nobles were in Paris. they were attending the marriage of Catherine's daughter to a huguenot prince, Henry of Navarre. Most of these nobles died but henry survived
Henry of Navarre descended from the popular medieval king louis IX Henry was robust, athletic and handsome in 1589
many catholics including the people of paris, opposed henry. for the sake of his war weary country Henry chose to give up protestantism and become a catholic
in 1598 henry took another step toward healing france's wounds. He declared that the huguenots could live in peace in france and set up their own house's of worship in some cities
after henry IV's death his son louis XIII reigned louis was a weak king, but in 1624 he appointed a strong minister who made up for all of louis's weaknesses
Philip II inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies.
When Phillip had received the throne, Europe was experiencing religious wars caused by the Reformation.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain experienced a golden age in the arts.
El Greco and Velazquez were both brilliant minds that left a mark on the golden age of arts.
Spain had experienced severe inflation as more people demanded food and other goods, merchants were able to raise prices.
Other countries were becoming rich off of Spain's economic decline as most products flowing through Spain were now foreign.
While in the Spanish Netherlands the Dutch had revolted and so became an age of Dutch arts.
The 17th century Absolutism had thrived to help deal with the crisis.
Phillip believed it was his duty to defend Catholicism against the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire and the Protestants of Europe.
In 1618 the Bohemian protestants revolt against Ferdinand II and in his response he sent an army into Bohemia to crush the revolt. This started the Thirty Years' War.
The Thirty Years' War lasted from 1618 to 1648. During the first 12 years, Hapsburg armies from Austria and Spain crushed the troops hired by the Protestant princes.
The war had did great damage to Germany, as its population dropped from 20 million to about 16 million. The Peace of Westphalia had ended the war in 1648.
After the war strong states had formed more slowly in central Europe than in Western Europe. THe major powers of this region were the kingdom of Poland, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire.
Maria Theresa inherits the Austrian throne when Austria had grown very strong.
The rise of Prussia was ruled by the Hohenzollerns who built up the state.
In 1740, Maria Theresa succeeded her father, and Prussia and Austria had just started war over Frederick II wanting the Austrian land of Silesia. This was called the Seven Years' War.
ivan III of moscow, who ruled Russia from 1462 to 1505, accomplished several things. He conquered much of the territory around moscow.
he liberated Russia from the mongols. He began to centralize the Russian government. ivan was succeeded by his son vasily who ruled for 28 years
the years from 1547 to 1560 are often called ivan's "good period" he won great victories added lands to russia.gave russia a code of laws and ruled justly
in 1696 peter became sole ruler of russia he is known to history as peter the great because he was one of russia's greatest reformers
James problems inherited the issues of elizabeth reign. they now shared a ruler.
in 1625, James died charles the first took the throne at the time he was at war with spain and france
english civil war , the war began as a result of a conflict over the power of the monarchy and the rights of parliament
