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Absolutism (SPAIN (Absolutism in europe (The theory of absolutism (The…

- - - - Philip was a shy,serious,religious and hard working plus he did not trust anyone to help him with his work
      - King philip's empire provided him increadable wealth
      - Phillip lost his dutch possessions
    - - Phiip set of to defend catholicism against the muslims
      - lost the battle but shows their wealth
  - - - An artist whose ideas were questioned by the people in that day and age but showed of spains religion
      - Velazquez was known for making art of the pride of the spanish monarchy
    - - A book that was the birth of the modern book era
      - It stars a man whose is too caught up in all the storys of knights
  - - - Never developed a middle class as many people demanded money and people could not pay their taxes
    - - guilds emerged in the middle ages still dominated business in spain, cloth and manufactured goods became more expensive
  - - - The netherlands became what florence had been during the 1400's
    - - the stability allowed the dutch people to concentrate on economic growth
      - the dutch had the largest fleet of ships in the world- almost 4,300 ships in 1636
  - - - The rulers wanted to be absolute monarchs
      - Absolute monarchs believed in divine rights
    - - As Europe emerged from the Middle Ages,monarchs grew increasingly powerful.
      - The decline of feudalism, the rise of cities, and the growth of national kingdoms all helped to centralize authority.
    - - The 17th century was a period of great upheaval in Europe.
      - religious and territorial conflicts between states led almost continuous warfare.
- - - - Descended from the popular medieval king Louis IX
      - Henry devoted his reign to rebuilding France and his prosperity. He restored the French monarchy to a strong position.
    - - Louis was a weak king but appointed a strong minister that made up for all of his weaknesses
      - Cardinal richelieu became in effect the ruler of france as he made two steps to increase the power of the burbon monarchy
  - - - montagain began a new form of literature,the essay after one death of his dear friend and began to think about lifes meaning
      - Rene descartes was a person who used his observations and his reason to answer arguments
  - - - Mazarin was hated among the nobles which caused france to tear apart
      - Louis became strong so they can never threaten him again
    - - He excluded the nobles from his councils.In contrast he increased the power of the goverment agents called intendants
      - to keep power in control he communicated regarly with them
    - - his minister of finance believed in the theory of mercantalism
      - to expand the manufactoring by giving funds and tax benifits to french companies
  - - - nobles job is based on feedback or attention and louis turned on who did not flatter him
      - The costly war dragged on until 1714. The Treaty of Utrecht was signed in that year.
    - - Versailles was a center of the arts during Louis's reign.
      - the purpose of art was to glorify the king and promote values that supported Louis's absolute rule
  - - - Louis invaded the Spanish Netherlands in an effort to expand France’s boundaries.
      - The war ended in 1678 with the treaty of Nijmegen. France gained several towns and a region called Franche-Comte.
    - - The costly war dragged on until 1714. The Treaty of Utrecht was signed in that year.
      - Winner of the war was Great Britain.
    - - He died in his bed in 1715.
      - Absolute rule didn't die with Louis XIV.
- - - - From 1642 to 1649, supporters and opponents of King Charles fought the English Civil War.
      - Charles fled London and raised an army in the north of England, where people were loyal to him.
    - - In 1641, he abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords
      - Cromwell almost immediately had to put down a rebellion in Ireland.
    - - They made laws that promoted Puritan morality and abolished activities they found sinful.
  - - - he struggled in parliment mainly over money
      - James also offended the puritans members of the parliment
    - - he constantly asked for money as he was fighting in the war with spain and france
      - He ignored the pettition and found ways to get money and he got less and less popular
  - - - he restored the monarchy and parliment passed the habeas corpus
      - Prisoners have more rights and can not be put in jail becuase he oppsed the ruler as they need to do a trial
    - - James early in his rule violated some of the rules and then they became worried of his son who would have a line of catholic kings
      - Their attempt to bloddlesly throw the king would be called the glorious revolution
  - - - to make clear the limits of royal power the bill of rights was drafted a bill of rights in 1689
      - the bill of rights listed a lot of things that a ruler could not do, the ruler could not suspend pending laws, could not levy taxes,etc
    - - after 1689 no british monarch could rule without the consent of parliament
- - - - Ivan acused the boyars of poisining his wife and turned against them and made a police force to murder "traitors"
      - he murderd multiple people even his own son so his weak son had to rule
    - - Russia faced a time of troubles which was a turmoil when ivans son died
      - Many tried to claim the throne but in the end they chose Miachel romanov
  - - - They had a difference in religion as russia is on orthodox church and europe was catholics or protestants
      - some geographic barriers had isolated russia from major trade stations
    - - Peter went to travel and was facinated of all the inventions made by the modern states
      - peter was 24 years old when he became the sole ruler of Russia
  - - - Peter then tried to modernize his army by hiring european officers
      - Peter brought the Russian Orthodox Church under state control. He abolished
        
        the office of patriarch, head of the Church. He set up a group called the Holy
        
        Synod to run the Church under his direction.
    - - To also modernize the education system he made people leave the country by force as he thought education was key
      - forms of westernizing russia
        
        • introduced potatoes, which became a staple of the Russian diet
        
        • started Russia’s first newspaper and edited its first issue himself
        
        • raised women’s status by having them attend social gatherings
        
        • ordered the nobles to give up their traditional clothes for Western fashions
        
        • advanced education by opening a school of navigation and introducing
        
        schools for the arts and sciences
- - - - Europe is differently developed from western europe
      - the middle class towns people, gained economic power because of the commercial revolution
    - - Charles VI spent his entire reign working out a answer to his problem, he persuaded other leaders of europe to sign an agreement
    - - The austrian hapsburg took several steps to become absolute monarchs
    - - Polish nobility elected the polish king and limited his power, they allowed the king little income
      - Two empires of of central europe were also weak
  - - - The french kings were no longer Austria's chief enemies. Austria, France, Russia and others were allied against Britain and Prussia.
    - - In 1740, Fredrick sent his army to occupy Silesia, beginning the war of the austrian succession.
    - - In 1730 the prince tried to run away but was caught. Fredrick the great followed his fathers footsteps.
  - - - The hapsburg triumph would not last
      - In 1630, the Gustavus Adolphus of sweden and his army shifted the tide of war.
    - - Peace of westphalia the war did great damage to germany
      - They drove the Hapsburg armies out of northern germany
    - - The war did great damage to Germany, the population dropped from 20 million to 16 million, trade and agriculture were disrupted and the economy was was ruined.
    - - Hapsburg armies from austria and spain crushed the troops hired by the protestant princes.
      - The thirty year's war lasted from 1618 to 1648
    - - The future Holy Roman emperor, Ferdinand II,was head of the Hapsburg family.
      - The spark came in 1618