Racial State
Religion
Outsiders
Youth
Social groups
Propaganda and censorship
Women
Radio
Film
Press
Berlin Olympics 1939
Nazi ritual
Music
Literature
Visual Arts
Cinema
Reich Radio Company
13% of staff removed
Peoples receiver
1932 = >25% of households had a radio
1939 = 70%
All broadcasting under Nazi control
public places had loudspeakers for public listening
Radio Wardens = coordinate the listening process
1933 = 4700 daily newspapers
regional identity
Eher Verlag (Nazi publishing house)
1939 controlled 2/3 of German press
State controlled Deutsches Nachrichenburo (news agency)
merged many papers and material was vetted before given to journalists
Daily press conferences @ propaganda ministry for editorial gudiance
1933 - Editors Law made newspaper content the responsibility of the editor
punishment
party's official newspaper = Volkisher Beobacher
1.7 million readers by 1944
Frankfurter Zeitung forced to close
10% decline in newspaper circulation by 1939
over 42 million spent on stadium (325 acres)
could seat 110,000
20 radio transmitting vans for everyone (broadcast in 28 languages)
Riefenstahl shot over 1 million feet of film which was made into 4 hours (Olympia)
150,000 people watched the games in Berlin on TV
Eifrig lit the tourch
89 medals
Horst Wessel anthem
Public festivals
Uniforms
Eg. Winter soliste and Hitlers birthday
theatrical
1937 Nuremberg rally involved 100,000 people
Bach and Beethoven music exploited
Mahler and Mendelsohnn (Jewish composers) banned
New wave of modern classical composers (inc. Schoenberg and Hindemith) were banned for their atonal music
Jazz and dance banned
2,500 writers left from 1933 - 1945
Those who left included
Thomas Mann - Nobel Prize winner
Bertolt Brecht - playwright
Remarque - All Quiet on the Western Front
Place taken by a lesser literary group
New functionalists (eg. Grosz and Kirchner banned) due to strong social and political messages
Bauhaus school (Gropius) banned
Degenerate art and Great German Art display
Those admired included
Breker
Speer
Ziegler
Hoyer
Jewish actors and directors (inc. Lang) removed
Dietrich emigrated to Hollywood
Requested the making of very few
Categories
96/1097 (1933-45)
Overt propaganda (eg. Eternal Jew)
Pure escapism (eg. The Adventures of Baron von Munchausen)
Emotive nationalism (eg. Olympia)
Number 24 of the Nazis 25 point plan was in favour of 'positive Christianity'
Himmler and Heydrich openly opposed the Church
German Faith Movement
Aimed for 'Teutonic Paganism' - pre-Christian beliefs of the Germans
Promoted by Rosenburg
4 main themes
Propaganda of the 'Blood and Soil' ideology
Replacement of Christian ceremonies - marriage and baptism - with Pagan alternatives
Wholesale rejection of Christian ethics - linked to racial and nationalistic views
cult of Hitler's personality
Nazis were very cautious
Consolidation and conflict
Encouraged attending Protestant church services
Day of Potsdam gave idea of unity
Catholic Bishops fearful or repeat of 1870s Kulturkampf with aim to limit Church power
Both sides keen for agreement
1933 Concrodat signed between Papacy (Pope Puis XI) and regime (Papen - a Catholic)
Catholic religious freedom
Catholic church property and legal rights free from Nazi interference
Catholic control over their own education
Catholic church would give diplomatic recognition to the Nazis and not interfere in politics
By the end of 1933 however, there was conflict
Nazi Regime hoped to co-ordinate Protestant Churches with the influence of the German Christians who hoped to reconcile their protestant ideas with Nazi nationalism
1933 new Church Constitution with Muller as Reich Bishop
1934 Confessional Church began opposition led by Niemoller and gained the support of 7,000/17,000 pastors
War against the Church 1935
Nazis torn between total suppression (alienation of many German) or limited persecution (give Church too much independence)
Ministry of Church Affairs led by Kerrl passed series of anti religious measures
Closure of church schools
Undermined Catholic youth groups
Personal campaign to harass and discredit clergy (financial and sexual malpractices)
Confiscation of chruch funds
Removed crucifixes from schools
arrested pastors and priests
Church opposition declared
Pope Pius XI
Niemoller
More cautious policy during the war
military victores (39-40) church persecutions intensified pushed by Bormann and Heydrich
Monasteries closed, church property and activities attacked
Only 5% of people members of German Faith Movement
Industrial workers
DAF (German Labour Front)
22 million members
set work hours and wages
Dealt harshly with disobedience and strikes
set stable rents for housing
Ran training schemes for apprentiships
Beauty of Labour (SdA) supervised conditions
Strength through Joy (KdF) organised recreation facilities
Full employment achieved
Shortage of workers
Wages didn't rise
Big contributions to DAF (forced)
biggest gains for those in armament
working hours inc.
Peasants and farmers
Darre
Blunt and Boden
Many farm debts and mortgages written off and small farmers given low interest rates and range of tax allowances
Government maintained extensive tariffs to reduce imports
Reich Entailed Farm Law of 933 gave security of tenure to occupiers of medium sizes farms and banned division of farms for agriculture gains
Reich Food Estate supervised
Production inc. by 20%
people hated Reich Food Estate regulations
Wages better
Reich entailed farm law cause resentment and family discontent as farms could now only be given to one child (no subdividing)
Landowners
Lived comfortably
Mittlestand
Money from confiscated Jewish business to offer low rate interest loans
Law to Protect Retail Trade (1933) banned opening of new department stores and taxed existing ones (many owned by Jews)
Many trading regulations imposed to protect small craftsmen
Average age rising
Business
decline in birth
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