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Chapter 21 (Louis XIV Comes to Power ((Although Louis XIV became the…
Chapter 21
Louis XIV Comes to Power
Although Louis XIV became the strongest king of his time, he was only a four year-old boy when he began his reign.
Many people in France, particularly the nobles, hated Mazarinbecause he increased taxes and strengthened the central government.
In 1685, he canceled the Edict of Nantes, which protected the religious freedom of Huguenots. In response, thousands of Huguenot artisans and business people fled the country.
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The Thirty Years’ War
Ferdinand sent an army into Bohemia to crush the revolt. Several German Protestant princes took this chance to challenge their Catholic emperor.
The war did great damage to Germany. Its population dropped from 20 million to about 16 million. Both trade and agriculture were disrupted, and Germany’s economy was ruined.
The treaty thus abandoned the idea of a Catholic empire that would rule most of Europe. It recognized Europe as a group of equal, independent states
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Peter Rules Absolutely
Peter brought the Russian Orthodox Church under state control. He abolished
the office of patriarch, head of the Church.
Peter fought Sweden to gain a piece of the Baltic coast. After 21 long years of war, Russia finally won the “window on Europe
Every summer, the army forced thousands of luckless serfs to leave home and work in St. Petersburg An estimated 25,000 to 100,000 people died from the terrible working condition
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The First Czar
Ivan IV, called Ivan the Terrible, came to the throne in 1533 when he was only three years old. His young life was disrupted by struggles for power among Russia’s landowning nobles, known as boyars.
Ivan’s “bad period” began in 1560 after Anastasia died. Accusing the boyars of poisoning his wife, Ivan turned against them. He organized his own police force, whose chief duty was to hunt down and murder people Ivan considered traitors
English Civil War
During the autumn of 1641, Parliament passed laws to limit royal power. Furious, Charles tried to arrest Parliament’s leaders in January 1642, but they escaped.
Cromwell now held the reins of power. In 1649, he abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords. He established a commonwealth, a republican form of government
One of these problems was severe inflation, which is a decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services.
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Monarchs Defy Parliament
In 1625, James I died. Charles I, his son, took the throne. Charles always needed money, in part because he was at war with both Spain and France.
By 1628, Charles was forced to call Parliament again. This time it refused to grant him any money until he signed a document that is known as the Petition of Right.
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