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U.S Migrants/Generalized Terms (Forced/Involuntary Migration…
U.S Migrants/Generalized Terms
Forced/Involuntary Migration
Climate/Geographical
Disaster-induced migration/displacement:
This occurs when people are forced to migrate due to a natural disaster or climate issue.
Examples:
In the U.S., Hurricane Katrina forced many inhabitants in the state of Louisiana to internally emigrate into other states. While this did not cause international movement, it was a major event that affected the influx of migration in different states. Not only this, but the economic aftermath caused many Louisiana residents to have to move due to a lack of resources.
Conflict
Conflict-induced migration/displacement:
People are forced to leave their homes due to physical combat and endangerment of life during a war, generalized violence, persecution, etc.
Examples:
Many Jews fleed Nazi Germany, emmigrating to the U.S. Unfortunately, many were turned away as a result of the U.S.'s belief that Nazi Germany could infiltrate the U.S. through these migrants. This created much stricter migration legislation which we now see today, and also constitute and control the lives of asylum seekers as well as refugees in the U.S.
Development
Development-induced migration/displacement:
Infrastructural issues, such as new policies or projects can push people to immigrate or migrate.
Examples:
"Three Gorges Dam in China – A hydroelectric dam on China's Yangtze River constructed between 1994 and 2006, which displaced over 1.4 million people through primary and secondary displacement." This pushed many migrants into the U.S.
Flint, Michigan Water Crisis: this was internal migration but was a development-induced migration.
External Versus Internal Migration
External Migration:
- External migration relates to the migration of people outside of their home country or continent.
Examples:
In the U.S, many migrants come from involuntary from Honduras, which is considered external migration because the migrants are leaving their home country.
Internal Migration: - Internal migration is the movement of people within their home country. This means that they do not leave their country or its continent.
Examples of major internal migrations in the U.S. (see left branches)
A massive internal migration from the eastern states toward the west coast during the mid-19th century.
Three waves of large-scale migration of African Americans: first from the agricultural south to the industrialized northeast and midwest in the early 20th century, a second movement in the same direction from roughly 1940 to 1970, and finally a reverse migration from other parts of the country to the urban south beginning in the late 20th century and continuing to the present.
The depopulation of the rural Great Plains since the early 20th century, with many rural counties today having less than 40% of their 1900 population.
A steady migration, starting during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s but accelerating after World War II, of all ethnicities toward the Sun Belt of the southern and western U.S.
An ongoing migration of mostly working- and middle-class people of all ethnicities, but especially whites, from California to other states since 1990.
Voluntary Migration
Economical
Better Employment Prospects:
Often times in the U.S. people will migrate internally and externally to gain better employment prospects. A good example of this is when VP's of companies migrate to and from the U.S. to fit the status of the world's economy.
Higher Wages:
Immigrants into the U.S. often voluntarily migrate for better minimum wages, as the U.S.'s economy is possibly stronger and more reliable than other country's fluctuating economies.
Social
Better Living Conditions:
It often can be noted that migrants into the U.S. come from impoverished nations. To escape this, they voluntarily come to the U.S. for better housing.
Healthcare:
This is equally applicable to healthcare, as different countries have different offerings for healthcare, but this, of course, relates to the circumstance of the migrants. (Which can also be said for all voluntary migration)
Good Education:
This also relates to the availability of education for every person in different countries. This is true for many female migrants who want an education that may not be available to them due to prejudicial legislation and policy.