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How did the First Crusade Impact Art in Italy? (increased trade (evidence,…
How did the First Crusade Impact Art in Italy?
increased trade
this brought power to Italian trading cities
In turn gave power to Families in the government
evidence:
Chapter eight (The Spinola) of “Studies from Genoese history”, by Colonel G. B. Malleson, published 1875
Explains that the Spinola family came to power because of the success of Venice as a trading city
Explains that the Spinola family were patrons of the arts
This shows how the increase in trade allowed for an increase in Italian art
Genoa & the Genoese, book by Steven A. Epstein, pages 34-35 and 75
Explains development of Campagna, a governmental system created during the first crusade
Explains that the Campagna was inspired by the Church because the Church was in the Middle of events at the time (the First Crusade)
Explains how the Spinola family came to power through this system thus influencing art
Therefore shows directly how the First Crusade influenced art
the fact that both the increase in trade that allowed the family to come to power was caused by the Crusades and the type of government that allowed the family come to rule was inspired by the Crusades show the direct connection between the Crusades and how they gave power to the families, which then became patrons of the arts, thus influencing the arts.
evidence
Exhibit C: “Dream of St. Gregory IX” Fresco painted before 1337 painted by Italian painter Giotto di Bondone
Depicts textiles from the region of the Crusades
These textiles would not have been available to Italy before the Crusades
They must have been obtained through trade between Italy and the East that did not exist before the Crusades
This suggests an increase in trade during the Crusades (starting with the first Crusade)
Exhibit B: “Ayyubid Canteen”, brass canteen created in Syria or North Iraq in the 13th century
Metalwork depicts scenes from the Bible (ie. Mary and Angel Gabriel, Madonna and Christchild, Scenes of Jesus’s life)
Artisan that made the canteen must have been very familiar with the Christian religion and beliefs
The vast majority of Christians that traveled to the region were Crusaders
The fact that the artisan had significant knowledge of the Christian religion shows how much the people must have interacted
Being exposed to such different people, it is inevitable that the Crusaders would have come in contact with foreign luxuries,
causing the Europeans to trade with the people of the region and increasing trade between Europe and the East
Exhibit D: Madonna and child, painted in 1330 by Giotto (Italian Artist)
This painting was made in the time of the crusades in Italy
Textiles in clothes appear to be from the East that wouldn’t have been available to Italy before
By this time, trade between Italy and the East must have been common for the textiles to be painted
This suggests a significant increase in trade between the East and Italy from before the Crusades to when this piece was painted
Italian artists focusing on Religion
Evidence
Exhibit F: Artwork of Alberto Sotio, born in 1100 in Spoleto, Italy
Alberto Sotio is perhaps the most famous Italian painter in the 12th century
All surviving works are based in religion
This was because of the power of the Church of the time
An example of how artists focused their art on religion during and after the first Crusade
The Crusades shifted the attention of artists on religion. The focus of their art therefore shifted to religion.
Art in Church
Church became wealthier
spent money on art to use as decoration and propaganda
evidence
Exhibit E: Hijacking Satan, 13th century, mural in baptistery of St. John in Florence, Italy
This is obvious propaganda, supposed to scare people into following the Church so they don’t get eaten by Satan
Built into the Church
Shows why the Church used art besides for decoration
Supports claim that the Church used its wealth to create art
Art in the form of propaganda became more common, inspired Italian artists to create religious pieces
evidence
Chapter 4 of “Les Croisades: La Croix et les Affaires” Book by Ali Laïdi, French doctor of political science and researcher at IRIS, specializes in economic warfare, published 2017
Explains how the Church gained money from riches collected from conquered lands
The part about the money from conquered lands would especially be true for the First Crusade, as that Crusade gained the most territory successfully
Explains that the Church has even been accused of using the Crusades to gain more money
“The Medieval Church”, book by Joseph H. Lynch, published 1992, page 161
States that the only reason the ornate buildings of the higher Church could be built is because of the people that were willing to pay for it
The people were willing to pay the Church because they were becoming more and more loyal to the Chruch and wanted to support the Crusades
This shows another way in which the Church gained money from the Crusades
External Influence in art
Evidence:
Exhibit A: Pictures of the Basilica of San Francesco d’Assisi in Assisi, Italy construction began in 1228
Church was made in Italy during the Crusades
First picture shows pointed arches, an element that originated from Eastern architecture
Second picture shows Eastern-style art decorating the interior of the church (ie. eight-pointed stars)
The main way that Europe came in contact with the East at the time was through the Crusades, meaning that the Eastern influence in the Church probably came from the early Crusades
This directly shows the impact of the Crusades as shown in the arts in Italy
In the First Crusade, Europeans traveled quite a bit a saw new art styles. Some of the influence that they had from these places can be seen Medieval Italian art.