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Reaction Map, Alcohols: R-OH (OXIDATION (CrO3) via (Sec alcohol -->…
Reaction Map
Alcohols: R-OH
OXIDATION (CrO3) via
Sec alcohol --> Ketone
Ketones: R- CRO
Pri alcohol --> Aldehyde --> Carboxylic acid
Tert alcohol --> NO reaction
OXIDATION (PCC) via :check:
Pri alcohol --> Aldehyde --> carboxylic acid
Aldehydes: R-CHO
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION to C of carbonyl group
Ketones/Aldehydes + Amines/Hydrazine --> Imines + H2O
Rm
Imines: C=N
Ketones/Aldehydes + Grignard reagents/ LiAlH4 with H- (w H2O) ---> Alcohols
rm
Sec alcohol --> Ketone
Tert alcohol --> No reaction
REDUCTION via 3 ways :check:
Ketone/Aldehyde (w LiAlH4 then H2O) --> Sec (w K) alcohol or Pri (w A) alcohol
Ketone/Aldehyde (w Grignard reagent: R-MgX) Tert (w K) alcohol or Sec (w A) alcohol
Ketone/Aldehyde + H2 (w Ni) --> Sec (w K) alcohol or Pri (w A) alcohol
includes Phenols: Aromatic ring with OH
NEUTRALIZATION: Phenol (acid) + NaOH --> Phenoxide ion + H2O
ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION: Phenol + Br2 (w H2O)--> 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol
ADDITION: Alkenes + H2O (w H2SO4) --> Alcohols :check:
RM
NEUTRALIZATION: Alcohol (weak acid) + NaH (strong base) --> Alkoxide ions + H2 :check:
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION (SN2): Alkoxide ions + Alkyl halide --> Ethers + NaX :check:
Amines: Organic coumpounds with N
REDUCTION: amides (w LiAlH4, then H2O) --> pri. Amines :check:
NETRALIZATION: ALL Amines (base) + Acid --> Ammonium salt
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION: Alkylamines/NH3 + R-X
2 ways
Excess amine: Amine with additional R group
Excess R-X : Ammonium ion
Anilines (w NaNO2, HCl in 0 Cel) --> Diazonium salt + Cl- :check:
Diazonium salt
AZO COUPLING REACTIONS: Diazonium salts + .. :check:
Phenols
Aromatic amines
Alkenes: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons (CnH2n) :<3:
ADDITION: Alkenes/Alkynes + A-B --> Alkanes :check:
ELIMINATION: Haloalkanes + NaOH ----> (w alcohol) Alkenes + NaX + H2O :check:
RM
ELIMINATION: Alcohols --> (w conc H2SO4, heat) Alkenes :check:
RM
ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION: Alkenes + H-X --> Major & Minor haloalkanes :check:
Haloalkanes/ Alkyl Halides with RX
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
via SN2 Pri/Sec Haloalkanes + NaOH --> Pri/Sec Alcohols
via SN1: Tert. haloalkanes + NaOH --> Tert. Alcohols
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
via SN1: Tert Alcohols + HX --> Tert alkyl halide
Via SN2: Pri/Sec Alcohols
Alkanes: Saturated hydrocarbons (CnH2n+2) :<3:
SUBSTITUTION: Alkanes + Halogen --> (w UV light) Haloalkane + Acid until no more C-H Bonds in haloalkanes :check:
Controlled by 2 ways
Excess Halogen for tetrahaloalkanes
Excess alkanes for mainly haloalkanes
RM
Nitrobenzene
REDUCTION: Nitrobenzenes (w Sn/HCl then NaOH) --> Aniline :check:
Ethers: R-O-R
Alkynes: Hydrocarbons with C-C Triple bond (CnH2n-2)
Benzenes: C6H6 as aromatic ring
ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION: Benzene + ...
H2SO4 (w H2SO4) --> benzenesulphuric acid :check:
ALKALI FUSION: Benzenesulphuric acid + NaOH (w H3O+ at 350 Cel) --> Phenols :check:
haloakanes (w alCl3) --> Alkylbenzene + Hydrogen Halide :check:
HNO3 (w H2SO4) --> Nitrobenzene
Acyl group (w AlCl3) --> Acylbenzene + Hydrogen halide :check:
Halogen (w FeX3) ---> Aryl halide :check:
RM
Aryl Halides: Aromatic ring with X
Nitriles with C-N triple bond
REDUCTION: Nitriles + H2 (w Ni) --> sec. amines
Amides with OC-NH