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Energy Metabolism (Photosynthesis (carbs (breakdown (high energy…
Energy Metabolism
Photosynthesis
chemical equation
CO2 reduced
+energy
carbohydrates
light dependent reactions
electromagnetic radiation spectrum
gamma rays
x-rays
uv light
infared light
microwaves
visible light
humans
feel infared
heat
react to uv
tan or burn
radio waves
quantum energy
wavelengths
short
large energy
cosmic rays
gamma rays
uv light
long
little energy
infared light
microwaves
radar
radiowaves
radiation
photons/quanta
set of waves
nature of pigments
pigment
absorb certain wave
distinct color
melanin
absorb light
biological function
critical pigment
chlorophyl a
absorbs
red light
blue light
all other pass
electromagnetic energy
strikes
only 5% e captured
photosynthetic pigment
absorb
light energy
electrons
chemical reactions
all light
black
high energy radiation
absorb all wavelengths
except red
red bounces off
see red
dark reactions
stroma reaction
produce carbs
ATP
high energy phosphate
reduded by NADPH
phosphate removed
interact CO2
reduced
energized
enzyme
RuBP carboxylase
carbs
storing energy
breakdown
high energy
activation barriers
energy rich
stable
chemically unreactive
releasing energy
burn
wood
sugar
photosystem 1
energy absorbed
2 P700 molecules
2e-
excited energy level
ferredoxin
NADP reductase
NADPH+H
photosystem 2
electrons
water
P680
energy by light
electron transport chain
electron carriers
#
+protons
NADP
energy & reducing power
force electrons
oxidation
loss
positive
reduction
gain
negative
photosynthesis
#
light energy
chemical energy
sunlight
plant pigments
chemical reaction
energized pigments
large molecules
not very mobile
never cross membranes
always reactive
no control
synthesizing ATP
photophosphorylation
sunlight
chloroplats
substrate-level phosphorylation
w/o oxygen
cytosol
high energy phosphate groups
force phosphate ADP
ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
w oxygen
mitochondria
respiration
ADP phosphorylated
ATP
thylakoid lumen
photosystems
membrane layer
enzymes
electron carriers
#
not proton permeable
noncyclic electron transport
e- smoothly water
NADH
chemiosmotic potential
not enough ATP
compared to NADH
alternate route
ferro photo 1
#
plastoquinones
#
pump more protons
thylakoid lumen
cyclic electron transport
chloroplasts
make ATP
no extra NADPH
proper ratios
stroma reactions
#
simple
light powered
proton pump
earth's atmosphere
oxidized form
carbon
CO2
sulfur
sulfate
nitrogen
nitrate
electron carriers
NAD & H
+oxidizing
no charge reducing
FAD & H
oxidized & reduced
2e- transfered
Cytochromes
intrinsic membrane protiens
w/in membranes
no diffusion
chloroplats
thylakoids
plastoquinones
short transport
w/in membrane
2e-
bind 2p
hydrocarbon tail
hydrophobic
easily dissolved
lipid
chloroplast membranes
plastocyanin
short travel
metal ion
synthesis of polysaccharides
gluconeogenesis
anabolic
synthesizes glucose
glucose-6
amylose
polymer of glucose
500-2000 residues
amylopectin
large
polymer of glucose
million residues
back to monomer
rapid
cellulose
enzymes
end of molecules
store starch
chloroplasts
amyloplasts
concepts
heterotrophs
source of energy
sunlight
building material
CO2
organisms
photosynthetic
plants
bacteria
algae
cyanobacteria
photoautotrophs
food source
carbs
protiens
fats
animals
protozoa
nonphotosynthetic
wood
roots
bark
parasitic plants
fungi
tissues
metabolism
young seedlings
white
heterotrophic
geminating undergroung
photoautotrophic
after sunlight
photosynthetic
green
immature fruits
maturation
last stages
chloroplats
chromoplasts
imported/ stored nutrients
chromoplasts
plastids
chlorophyll
pigments
mixed metabolism
photsynthesis
#
carbs
#
green
young leaf primordia
anabolic metabolism
short term storage
w/in cell
briefly
ATP
NADPH
intermediate term storage
glucose
disaccharide sucrose
cell to cell
vascular tissue
plant
blood stream
animal
sufficiently stable
weeks/months
osmosis
long term storage
starch
large
high molecular weight
polymer of glucose
no transport
too large
more stable than glucose
lasts for years
concentrated lipids
plants and people
greenhouse gas
quanta absorbs
atmosphere CO2
warms earth
energy trapped
earths system
oxidize
mitichondria
wood
oil
coal
gas
breathing out
global warming
less CO2
less heat
frozen earth
more CO2
more heat
800F earth
burning
gas
oil
coal
destroying forrest trees
more evaporation
rapid snow melt
global climate change
altered circulation
ocean currents
frequent flooding
agriculture areas
too dry
whole PLANET
