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Effects of Bullying on Children in Middle Childhood (Victims (Emotional…
Effects of Bullying on Children in Middle Childhood
Victims
Cognitive
Poorer academic development
Absenteeism from school
Poorer academic functioning
Lower GPA and achievement test scores
High levels of psychological distress
Depression
Anxiety
Suicidal thoughts/ideation
Self-harm
Can cause borderline personality symptoms
Hallucinations
Delusions
Social
Poorer development
More trouble making and keeping friends
Emotional
Poorer development
Poor school adjustment
More negative perceived school climate
Low confidence
Physical
Higher risk of psychosomatic problems
Headaches
Stomach aches
Sleeping difficulties
Nightmares and night-terrors
Backaches
Tiredness
Dizziness
More bodily pain
Higher risk for common somatic problems
Colds
Slower recovery from illnesses
Perpetrators
Physical
Higher risk for somatic health problems
Colds
Slower recovery from illnesses
Emotional
Delinquent and aggressive behaviours
Poor emotional regulation
Increased risk of depression and self-harm
Social
"Bully" label can increase antisocial behaviours
Cognitive
Higher risk for mental health problems