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Ch. 11 Energy Metabolism: Resperation (Types of Respiration (Aerobic…

- - - - Doubles respiration rate
    - - greatly decreases respiration rate
    - - Increases rate but slower
    - - Increases slowly
  - - - plants
        
        1-2%
    - - shoots
        
        Night
      - roots
        
        during and after rain
    - - shoots
        
        demand for oxygen
        
        reduced
      - roots
        
        continued flooding
        
        most roots die
        
        Rice seedlings
        
        continue to grow
- - - - produces ATP
      - breaks down compounds
  - - - Glucose
        
        Uses
        
        Converted to Sucrose
        
        transported to
        
        apical meristems
        
        vascular cambia
        
        other heterotrophic tissue
        
        used in pathways
      - Starch
- - - - fruit juices
    - - Pinot Noir
      - Cabernet Sauvignon
      - Chardonnay
      - Merlot
    - - Grapes harvested
        
        wash and crush grapes
        
        add S. cerevisiae
        
        cool the mixture
        
        put into vat
        
        release carbon dioxide
        
        2 more items...
  - - - Add strong alcohol
      - Distill
        
        solution heated
        
        type of spirit
        
        depends on distilled material
        
        American Whiskey
        
        rye
        
        wheat
        
        corn
        
        Irish Whiskies
        
        malted barley
        
        Vodka
        
        Cheapest Carbohydrates
        
        4 more items...
  - - - wheat
        
        on the rise
      - corn
      - barley
        
        most common
        
        why
        
        most enzymes
      - rice
    - - moisten grains
        
        enzymes break starch down
        
        grains dried
        
        mix with water
        
        add unsprouted grains
        
        makes beer cheaper
        
        1 more item...
        
        hops added
        
        Humulus lupulus
        
        1 more item...
- - - - transported to mitochondria
        
        2-3 ATPs
  - - - uses 1 or 2 ATP
        
        Depends on use of either
        
        Glucose-6-Phosphate
        
        Glucose
- - - - Obligate aerobes
        
        Must have oxygen
      - Facultative organisms
        
        can live without oxygen
    - - Glycolysis
        
        Products
        
        NADH
        
        2 ATP
        
        water
        
        electron acceptor
        
        oxygen
        
        Where
        
        Cytosol
        
        plastids
      - Citric Acid Cycle
        
        where
        
        matrix of the mitochondria
        
        Products
        
        FADH2
        
        NADH
      - Electron Transport Chain
        
        where
        
        mitochondrial inner membrane
        
        Products
  - - - Method
        
        Glycolysis
        
        Produces two ATP
        
        Uses
        
        nucleic acid replication
        
        microtubule assembly
        
        protein synthesis
        
        ion transport
        
        Use Pyruvate
        
        toxic product
        
        lactate
        
        Use Acetaldehyde
        
        Toxic product
        
        ethanol
    - - Facultative organisms
        
        can live in oxygen
      - Obligate Anaerobes
        
        die in oxygen
    - - swamps
      - marshes
      - Rice seeds
  - - - citric acid cycle
      - electron transport chain
      - Glycolysis
    - - how
        
        increased entropy
        
        heat
    - - attractants for pollinators
        
        how
        
        causes chemicals to vaporize
      - maintain temperature
  - - - Turns glucose into
        
        ethryose
        
        needed for
        
        lignin
        
        anthocyanin
        
        flower pigments
        
        ribose
        
        needed for
        
        Basis of DNA
        
        Basis of RNA
        
        NADPH
        
        needed for
        
        reduction of nitrate
        
        into amino acids
    - - cytosol
      - plastids
  - - - oily seeds
      - dormant apical meristems
    - - triglycerides
      - phospholipids
    - - converts into
        
        NADH
        
        Acetyl CoA
        
        FADH
- - - - carbon dioxide liberated to oxygen consumed
  - - - produces NADH
        
        electron transport chain
    - - higher RQ
  - - - Lower RQ
  - - - Germinate
        
        low RQ
        
        if kept in
        
        dark
        
        RQ remains low
        
        plant dies
        
        light
        
        RQ increases
        
        plant begins photosynthesis