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Cell Structure (Membranes (Properties (molecular pumps (other proteins,…
Cell Structure
Membranes
all cells contain some membranes
composed of
proteins
60%
intrinsic
immersed in lipid bilayer
extrinsic
peripheral proteins
located outside membrane or by it
glycoproteins
ogliosaccharide bound
two layers of phospholipids
40%
monolayer
single phospholipid layer
bilayer
if agitated
lipid layer doubles
not bonded together
thin solution
diffuses laterally
Eukaryotic Cells
plants
fungi
animals
protists
Important Tasks
regulate passages of the cell
divide into compartments
act as surfaces
holds enzymes
Causes of Fatality
heat
cold
poison
alcohol
Properties
vesicles
acts as a moving bubble
lumen
volume inside vesicle
must be broken down
exocytosis
excrete almost anything
waste
debris
mucilage
proteins
polysaccharides
endocytosis
opposite of exocytosis
common in algae
selectively permeable membranes
also called differentially permeable
certain substances can pass
some more rapidly than others
facilitated diffusion
movement of charged substances
assisted by intrinsic proteins
uses energy
molecular pumps
other proteins
uses energy
changes shape
releases molecule on other side
Active Transport
accumulates substances
pumps material outside cell
Freely Permeable
allows everything to pass
Impermeable
doesn't allow anything to pass
Concepts
Organelles
consist of
nuclei
mitochondria
chloroplast
plant reproduction based on cells
cell biology
Multicellular Organism
more than one cell
specialized for different tasks
consequences
dependent on other cells
photosynthesis
mineral absorption
reproduction
Division of Labor
organism becomes more efficient
Unicellular Organism
doesn't allow division of labor
doesn't allow specialization
must carry out tasks
sensing the environment
gather nutrients
excreting waste
defense
movement
reproduction
Life Span
cell cycle
Mother Cell
produces two daughter cells
twin cells
similar to mother
absorbs
water
sugar
amino acids
other nutrients
Association of Cells
Plasmodesmata
interconnected fine holes
40 nm in diameter
cytoplasmic channels
Primary Pit Field
two primary walls
thin
Symplast
interconnected mass
Intercelluar Spaces
spaces between cells
in their corners
most tissue volume
Apoplast
spaces plus cell wall
apoplast plus Symplast
make the entire plant
rapid diffusion of gases
plants don't have lungs
interior tissues would suffocate without
Plant Cells
Protoplasm
eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells
consists of
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
water within cell
Plasma Membrane
completely covers the surface
impermeable to harmful substances
permeable to beneficial substances
does not separate from protoplast
Nucleus
Serves as
archive
permanent storage place
for genetic information
Nuclear Envelope
surrounds the nucleus
consists of
outer membrane
inner membrane
separates nuclear material
Nuclear Pores
small holes
involved in transport
control of movement of materials
Nucleoplasm
substance within nucleus
complex association of
DNA
enzymes
maintain
repair
read DNA
histone proteins
support
interact with DNA
several types of RNA
water
necessary for nuclear metabolism
Nucleolus
several bodies of nucleoi
Vacuoles
organelles
within
young
small cells
single membrane
Basic Cell Types
Prokaryotic
simpler
occurs in
domain Bacteria
bacteria
cyanobacteria
Archea
archeans
Eukaryotic
occurs in
plants
animals
fungi
protists
more complex
true nucleus
membrane bound