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THE AMAZON TRF CASE STUDY (Management Strategies (Projects to reforest…

- - - - Reducing Emissions Deforestation and Degradation (REDD)
        
        Scheme that grants money to projects supporting Amazon reforestation and protection
      - Carbon Credits
        
        Sold to TNCs exceeding emissions quotas by those who have helped reduce CO2 emissions
  - - - Reforestation project, aiming to develop a 1000km^2 commercial timber plantation
      - Plan for 20 million fast-growing topical hardwood seedlings - mature over 25 years
      - Financial assistance to 4000 smallholdings, tree nurseries provide seedlings
      - :smiley: economic and environmental sustainability
        :smiley: CO2 absorbed
        :smiley:re-establishes CC and WC
        :smiley:reduces run-off
        :smiley:replaces soil nutrients
      - :unamused: monoculture doesn't replicate rainforest biodiversity
        :unamused:will eventually be cut down, as it is commercial
    - - The tribe will participate in a scheme to protect primary rainforest from illegal logging by planting native seedlings form local nurseries, for timber, food crops and sustainable income through logging
      - First indigenous group to join the UN's REDD scheme, which pays the tribe for their protection of TRF and grants Carbon Credits which can be sold to TNCs who have exceeded their emissions quota
      - :smiley: provides income and resources for the tribe
        :smiley: restores carbon soil stores and CC/WC
      - :unamused: fairly small scale
  - - - Maintain soil fertility by rotational cropping or by combining livestock and arable operations, this integration could increase ranching productivity x5 and slow deforestation
    - - Researchers suggest that the Amazon once supported high populations densities by use of human-engineered sols known as 'dark soils'
      - These soils are supposedly a combination of charcoal, waste and human excrement. This attracts microorganisms and fungi, allowing soils to retain their fertility
      - Recreation of these dark soils could allow for intensive and permanent cultivation, drastically reducing deforestation and carbon emissions
- - - - impermeable
    - - chalk, limestone, sandstone: permeable
  - - - gentle relief
        
        overland flow
        
        throughflow
      - Extensive floodplains
        
        widespread inundation
      - Outside of Andes, Amazon has very low elevation gradient
    - - In West, Andes create steep catchments with rapid run-off