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Components of Cell Membranes (Glycolipids (Act as cell markers/antigens,…
Components of Cell Membranes
Intrinsic Proteins
Transmembrane proteins that are embedded through both layers of the membrane
Have amino acids with hydrophobic R-groups on their external surfaces which keep them in place
Many intrinsic proteins are carrier molecules or channels
Extrinsic Proteins
Channel Proteins
Provide a hydrophillic channel that allows passive movement of polar molecules down a concentration gradient
Held in place by interactions between hydrophobic core of the membrane and the hydrophobic R-groups on the outside of the protein
Carrier Proteins
Involved in passive and active transport
Changes shape to allow this
Glycoproteins
Play a role in cell adhesion
Act as receptors (neurotransmittors, hormones etc.)
Recognised as self or non-self by cells in immune response
Stabilise membrane by forming hydrogen bonds with surrounding water molecules
Glycolipids
Act as cell markers/antigens
Recognised as self or non-self by cells involved in the immune response
Play a role in cell adhesion
Act as receptors (neurotransmittors, hormones etc.)
Stabilise membrane by forming hydrogen bonds with surrounding water molecules
Cholesterol
Type of lipid with the molecular formula:
Important in controlling membrane fluidity
the more cholesterol, the less fluid and the less permeable the membrane
Important in keeping membranes stable at normal body temperature
Without it, cells would burst open