De-emphasize and regularise the non-data pixels that remain e.g. axis lines or gridlines should be muted, navigational controls should not take up more space than visuals or instructions can be displayed only when needed such as pop-up menu

Eliminate all unnecessary data pixels e.g. preattentive attributes such as colour, form, position & motion by removing less relevant data, Condensing data through summaries (e.g.sum, averages) & exceptions(drill-down) & display more details for recent and less for more distant data

Highlight the most important data pixels that remain e.g. use of different intensity of colour to draw attention to important data pixels

Eliminate all unnecessary non-data pixels e.g. avoid variations in colours with no meaning, remove unnecessary borders or complete borders, unnecessary fill colours on bars or background, avoid 3D