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Layer 2 (Egg formation (24-28 h) (Albumin (Watery albumen (Factors…

- - - - =Shell membrane becomes tight = water is pumped into the alb
      - “Plumping” =Albumen volume is doubled, give egg final shape
      - “Plumping” ↓ with hen age, IBD & Egg Drop Syndrome
  - - - Factors
        
        storage time and temperature ↑ thick→thin alb
        
        Age of hen↓ thick albumen
        
        Stress, IBD and Egg Drop Syndrome ↓ thick albumen
      - New egg = most thick alb → thin alb by lysozyme (溶菌酶)
- - - - High-energy density diets=++incidence of FLHS
      - Cages house = - -active=能量需要↓=↑risk 能量过剩
    - - Estrogen→ liver store ++fat for yolk synthesis
      - Start lay= liver size↑dramatically∵ estrogen
      - Positive energy balance+estrogen=FLHS
      - Avoid excess energy intake, especially in early laying/peak
    - - +++ incidence of FLHS occurs during warm periods
      - 环境℃↑=En requirements↓→positive En balance
- - - - Excess Ca to pullets→kidney damage→gout
      - Particle limestone in rearing feed→selectively pick (∴Fine only)
      - Low P→++gout%∵P is urinary acidifier↓kidney stone
      - Sodium bicarbonate→urine pH↑+Ca=ideal for kidney stones
      - Water deprivation→kidney function↓
      - 长期Vit A deficiency →damage ureters lining (输尿管)
      - 饲料蛋白过量 (30–40%)
    - - Infectious bronchitis (传染性支气管炎)=respiratory tract, reproductive&urinary system
      - Avian nephritis virus (ANV)禽肾炎病毒