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Immune disorders: Lecture 3 (ABO system (RBC have glycoprotein and…
Immune disorders: Lecture 3
Type 2
results when cells destroyed by immune responses
comes from a combo of activity of antibodies and components
destruction of blood cells following bad blood transfusions
destruction of fetal red blood cells
ABO system
RBC have glycoprotein and glycolipid molecules on surface
has blood group antigens that have different functions
each person has either type A, B, both or none
people with none have o blood
if reject the donor because of different type mixup then the recipient will destroy the donor blood antigens and stimulates antibody production in recipient; destroys transfused cells
if recipient has a foreign antibody destruction will either be phagocytized or get hemoylsis
from hemolysis the antibodies will agglutinate, or clot, the cells and will rupture
release Hg to be increased in bloodstream and cause kidney damage
ruptured rbs's trigger clotting within blood cells, blocks them, and causes circulation failure, fever, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, cough
if no preexisting antibodies the transfused cells will circulate and function normal for a tad
eventually the immune system gives a primary response against antibodies and destroys by producing enough; happens gradually over time
prevent by blood type being typed and crossmatched
look for clumping by mixing donor blood and recipient blood to decide if usable
Rh system
we have an Rh antigen
the antigen transports glucose and anions
if women with Rh negative have a positive baby then an antibody response can occur
the Rh neg. sees the pos fetal cells as foreign and initiates immune antigens to act against
first pregnancy can be okay; the baby will be protected by the placenta
the second pregnancy is when the IgE molecules are small enough to cross placenta and destroy the rbc's
third baby can have destructive damages to brain because produce too much bilirubin
administer rhoGAM to reduce chance of disease or 72 hrs after a miscarriage or birth
Type 3
can affect lungs and kidneys
people become sensitized when mold spores and antigens are enabled and causes antibodies to be made
when you inhale the same antigen again and again and that stimulates the forming of immune complexes
immune complexes trigger release of inflammation chemicals
causes localized reactions like hypersensitivity pneumonitis
pigeon breeders lung
dust from feces
mushroom grower's lung
from soil or fungal spores
librarian lung
dust from old books
Glomerulonephritis
immune complex damage glomerulo cells
the damage leads to increased cytokines and trigger cells to make proteins that underlie cells decrease impeding blood filtration
results could be kidney damage because glomeruli lose ability to filter waste
Rheumatoid arthritis
an autoimmune disorder that attacks it's own antigens
immune complex enter own joints and release chemicals
the chemicals cause swelling, severe pain, and proliferate
the disease alters the tissues and break down and ROM is lost
treat with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs to stop antibody immune response