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Immune disorders: Lecture 2 (Type 1 (prevention (identify the allergen and…
Immune disorders: Lecture 2
Type 1
usually mild and localized
site of reaction depends on entry
inhaled allergens may cause: hay fever, runny nose, sneezing, itchy throat and eyes
if the inhaled allergens are small enough they can reach the lungs and cause asthma
some allergens cause inflammation on the skin called hives or urticaria
after contracting allergen mast cells degranulate
mast cells release massive amounts of histamine and other mediators
if the released histamine is exceedingly high then anaphylaxic shock
bronchial smooth muscle is sensitive to histamine and contracts violently then causes swelling of the larynx and other tissues
treat with epinephrine
Diagnose with ImmunoCAP specific IgE blood test. CAP RAST, or Pharmacia CAP
the tests are done by mixing the patients blood with the allergen
prevention
identify the allergen and avoid them
identify the food allergies and avoid them
not effective shots for asthma
Treatment
administer drugs to counteract the inflammation mediators when cells degranulate
treat asthma with glucocorticoid and a bronchodilator
epinephrine neutralizes mechanisms
relaxes smooth muscle tissue in lungs
contracts smooth muscle of blood vessels thus reducing vascular permeability
use emergency treatment of severe asthma and anaphylactic shock