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Long-term effects of exercise (Cardiovascular System (Cardiac hypertrophy…
Long-term effects of exercise
Skeletal System
The strength of connective tissue such as ligaments and tendons will be increased which reduces the risk of injury
Bone density will be in creased due to greater loading which will reduce the risk of injury for an athlete
Certain components of fitness will improve, such as flexibility which will lead to improved performances
Speed and reactions can improve which can improve the performance of open skills
Muscular System
You will become stronger which will improve performance in strength-based sports such as weightlifting
Hypertrophy of the muscles occurs which can lead to improved performance in sports where strength is important, e.g. weightlifting
Body shape can change as you lose weight and gain muscle which can increase an individual's self-confidence
You will be able to exercise for longer as cardiovascular and muscular endurance which will improve performance in endurance events
You will be able to exercise at a greater intensity which can improve an athlete's performance levels, e.g. running at a high speed during an 800m race
Cardiovascular System
Cardiac hypertrophy and increase strength of cardiac contractions lead to an increased cardiac output and increase aerobic performance
A reduction in resting heart rate called bradycardia occurs which reduces the strain placed upon the heart
Increased cardiac output when exercising at minimal intensity allows for more oxygen to be supplied to the working muscles and greater aerobic performance
Resting blood pressure is reduced due to the increased elasticity of the blood vessel walls
Greater stroke volume, when at rest reduces the strain on the heart as it is required to beat less
The arteries and veins are able to stretch more due to greater elasticity of the walls which maintains blood pressure when the recoil and improves the ability of the heart to transport oxygen
Greater number of blood cells, which increase the amount of oxygen which can be transported within the blood
Respiratory System
The speed of recovery from exercise is increased which is important for athletes who have been busy training
Greater capilliarisation, which aids gaseous exchange and therefore, aerobic performance
Exercise such as continuous running or swimming can lead to increased lung volume which will allow more oxygen and carbon dioxide to be taken in and expelled from the body
Increased density of alveoli increases the rate of gaseous exchange
Greater strength of the diaphragm and external intercostals will allow air to be inspired and expired with more force
Greater vital capacity of the lungs will allow more oxygen to be taken in and supplied to the muscles