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Greenland Ice Sheet (Nutrients (NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS (GrIS contains…

- - - - Waters are cold so CO2 is more soluble
        
        High bio activity of PP's uses CO2, feeding cycle of PP and CO2 exchange
        
        Annual phytoplankton cycle has intense bloom in spring + gradual increase in chlorophyll in Autumn
        
        This Spring bloom is caused by increase in light (result of reduction of sea ice, increase in radiation
        
        Smaller autumn increase due to wind stress and convective mixing of deep water nutrients
  - - - Surface: delivery of turbid (sediment/nutrient) water straight to euphotic zone= limited production due to light blockage, but more nutrients.
      - Subsurface: ambient water and sediment rain-out is mixed prior to reaching euphotic zone.
      - The net effect of high runoff sediment concentrations on PP is a balance between blocking light and reducing production
    - - Subsurface runoff- contains high silica concentrations. Entrains deep nutrient rich waters and transport to euphotic= ENHANCED PRODUCTIVITY
      - Surface runoff- High silica content, but deep nutrient rich water remains below euphotic. Sediment carried shades water= REDUCED PRODUCTIVITY
        
        EFFECT OF CLIMATE WARMING ON HYDROLOGY & PRODUCTIVITY
        
        GrIS SMB has become more negative (increased runoff) resulting in larger runoff sediment plumes in coastal regions. The net effect of this is a balance between extra nutrients and blocking light.
        
        Study of land terminating regions suggests increased runoff will enhance nutrient delivery to coastal regions
        
        Study of marine shows nutrient fluxes will diminish as glaciers retreat and can no longer entrain deep nutrients. This will reduce productivity.
- - - - The cooling and high salt content causes water to sink to Norwegian and Greenland Seas. The thermohaline circulation is responsible for the formation of NADW (N.Atlantic Deep Water)
        
        Dense polar waters are key to ocean circulation
- - - - if energy balance is positive ice will ablate, if negative ice increases.
      - Albedo- Reflectivity of IS affects how much energy is absorbed & melting rate.
      - Recently W.Greenland has darker albedo due to dust/snow algae= increasing melt