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Reformation (Martin Luther and the Church (95 Theses (Johann Tetzel was…

- - - - People could win salvation only by faith in God's gift of forgiveness. The Church taught that faith and "good works" were needed for salvation.
      - All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. Both the pope and Church traditions were false authorities.
      - All people with faith were equal. Therefore, people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.
- - - - did. He would give
        
        order to the faith Luther had begun.
        
        In 1536, Calvin published Institutes of the Christian Religion. This book
        
        expressed ideas about God, salvation, and human nature.
      - When Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses
        
        in 1517, John Calvin had been only eight years old. But Calvin grew up to have
        
        as much influence in the spread of Protestantism as Luther did.
  - - - Religious reform in Switzerland was begun by Huldrych Zwingli
      - , a Catholic priest in Zurich. He was influenced both by the
      - Christian humanism of Erasmus and by the reforms of Luther.
      - In 1520, Zwingli
        
        openly attacked abuses in the Catholic Church. He called for a return to the
        
        more personal faith of early Christianity. He also wanted believers to have
        
        more control over the Church.
  - - - Calvinism’s
        
        strictness inspired some Protestants to destroy works of
        
        religious art in churches and public places, because they
        
        thought the art was idolatrous. Authorities would imprison,
        
        excommunicate, or banish those who broke such rules.
      - a gov-
        
        ernment controlled by religious leaders. In 1541, Protestants
        
        in Geneva, Switzerland, asked Calvin to lead their city.
        
        When Calvin arrived there in the 1540s, Geneva was a
        
        self-governing city. He and his fol lowers ran the city accord-
        
        ing to strict rules.
- - - - Many women played prominent roles in the early years
  - - - One such group baptized only those old enough to decide to be
      - Christian. They said that persons who had been baptized as children should be
      - rebaptized as adults. These believers were called Anabaptists, from a Greek word
      - meaning “baptize again.”