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4.3 Monitoring Human Populations and Changing Growth Rates (Age Structure…
4.3 Monitoring Human Populations and Changing Growth Rates
Age Structure Diagrams (show whether a pop. is inc. or dec.)
Pre-reproductive (ages 0-14)
Reproductive (15-44)
Post-reproductive (ages 45+)
Wide base = large young population (<15) rapid pop. growth
Usual in less developed countries
Smaller bases can lead to problems, since it means a large amount of seniors to support, shortage of workers due to friction between younger and older generations
Absent juveniles indicate that a pop. will not persist.
Dilemmas regarding population growth
how much more can it grow without damaging us eternally?
Affected by births, deaths, and migration
Number of people in young, middle, and old age groups determine how fast a pop. grows
How to slow it?
Economic development reduces poverty
Educating women
Family planning
Natalist Policies
Pro-natalist policies encourage higher birth rates through incentives like tax breaks, better working conditions, or even material compensation.
Anti-natalist policies encourage or enforce fewer children.
Economic Development Stages
Transitional
High BR, DR's drop
Industrial
Drop in BR's and DR's
Preindustrial
High BR and DR
Postindustrial
BR's equal DR's and then fall below the DR's, causing a decline in population growth.
Improvements in healthcare, education, and technology are made more apparent as a society advances in the stages.