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17.3 and 17.4 (17.3 (The Response to Luther (As Luther’s ideas became more…
17.3 and 17.4
17.3
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The Response to Luther
As Luther’s ideas became more popular, the pope realized that this monk was a serious threat. In one angry reply to Church criticism, Luther actually suggested that Christians
drive the pope from the Church by force. n Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, a devout Catholic, also opposed Luther’s teaching.
Some people began to apply Luther’s revolutionary ideas to
society. In 1524, German peasants, excited by reformers’ talk of Christian freedom, demanded an end to serfdom. Bands of angry peasants went about the countryside raiding monasteries, pillaging, and burning.
Instead of continuing to seek reforms in
the Catholic Church, Luther and his followers had become a separate religious group, called Lutherans
Those princes who supported Luther signed a protest
against that agreement. These protesting princes came to be known as Protestants. Eventually, the term Protestant was applied to Christians who belonged to non Catholic churches.
Still determined that his subjects should remain Catholic, Charles V went to war
against the Protestant princes. In Augsburg the princes agreed that each ruler would decide the religion of
his state. This famous religious settlement was known as the Peace of Augsburg.
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17.4
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The Catholic Reformation
Helping Catholics to remain loyal was a movement within the
Catholic Church to reform itself. This movement is now known as the Catholic Reformation. Historians once referred to it as the Counter Reformation. Importantleaders in this movement were reformers, such as Ignatius .
In 1540, the pope created a
religious order for his followers called the Society of Jesus. Members were called jesuits.
From 1545 to 1563, at the Council of Trent, Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines:
The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final. Any Christian who substituted his or her own interpretation was a heretic.
Christians needed faith and good works for salvation. They were not saved by faith alone, as Luther argued
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