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Nutrition Chapter 1 Lecture 2 (kCalories: Measure of Energy (Fats: 9…
Nutrition Chapter 1 Lecture 2
kCalories: Measure of Energy
The amount of energy that carbs, fats, and proteins release can be measured in calories
Calories are tiny units of energy so small that a single apple gives tens of thousands of them
To ease the math, energy is expressed in 1,000 calorie metric units called kilocalories (we commonly call them calories)
When you read that an apple has 100 calories it really means 100kcalories
These are not constituents of food; they are a measure of the energy foods give
Carbohydrates: 4 kcalories per gram
Protein: 4 kcalories per gram
Fats: 9 kcalories per gram
Fat has a greater energy density than carbs or protein
How o you figure out the kCalories?
If you know how many grams of each nutrient a food has you would multiply the carb grams by 4, the protein grams by 4, and the fat grams times 9, and add the results together
Energy Nutrients in Foods
Almost all foods contain mixtures of carbohydrates, fats, and protein(energy-yielding nutrients)
Foods are sometimes classified by the predominate nutrient
Beef: (protein) has protein & fat
Cornbread: (carb) but has protein & fat
Pure foods- only a few
Sugar: carbohydrate
Oil: fat
Energy Storage in the Body
The body first uses the energy-yielding nutrients:
To build new compounds
Fuel metabolic and physical activities
Excesses are rearranged into a storage compound for later use (body fat)
Too many kcalories from any of the nutrients will cause a weight gain
Alcohol
It is not a nutrient because it does not support the body’s growth, maintenance, or repair
It does contain 7 kcalories per gram so the body does develop energy from it
Can cause weight gain
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
A set of standards that supports health by defining amounts of:
Energy
Nutrients
Other dietary components
Physical activity
Collaborative effort of USA & Canada
Designed to meet the needs of most healthy people