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Brit and Irish Studies Irish History (History (2008 1/3 of Polish people…
Brit and Irish Studies Irish History
Ireland 84 500 km2
Northern-Ireland about 14 000
Climate
Moderate: mild winters, moderate summers(golf stream)
History
750 B.C. CELTS ARRIVE IN IRELAND
795
Vikings begin raiding Ireland
841
Vikings found
Dublin
1169
first
English
soldiers
arrived in Ireland
capture Wexford
1175 The Treaty of Windsor is made between King Henry II and Rory O‘Connor
Rory rule all Ireland outside Leinster, Meath and Waterford
Henry as O'Connors
OVERLORD
1495 Poyning‘s law
Irish parliament cannot meet without the King‘s permission
7500 BC
first humans arrive in Ireland
1695
First
Penal laws
are passed
CATHOLIC education RESTRICTED
1704
extended
land must be divided among all their sons or daughters
Catholics are NOT allowed to hold
public office
1800 the act of Union
1879
irish national Land League
is formed
Charles Stewart PANELL
as leader of Land League
1881 Parnel is imprisoned
after ostracising
Captain Boycott
who evicted tenant(Mieter Zwangsgeräumt)
3 fs
(1880)
fair rent
fixity of tenure
(Beschäftigungsdauer)
free sale of land
1916 Easter Rising
1893 Gaelic League
is formed
Second Home Rule bill
is
passed by House of Commons
rejected by House of Lords
1919
irish Volunteers turn into Irish Republican Army (
IRA
)
1920/21 Ireland is partitioned
Anglo-Irish Treaty partitions Ireland
Northern Ireland
Irish Free State
1937 becomes EIRE
Douglas Hyde first president
1937-48 deValera
is
PM
/Toiseach
two parliaments divided in North vs South and 2 PMs
1949 Republic of Ireland act
Eire is a
Republic
Jan 23 2011
Green Party pulling out of the Fianna Fail
COALITION under
Brian Cowen PM
-> no more majority
new Election: ENDA KENNY new Taoiseach
(2016)
Fine Gael party loses majority
resigns from office,
carries on acting Taoiseach for 10 weeks
re elected but resigns on 17th May 2017
Leo Varadkar Fine Gael Leader and PM
4000 BC
first farmers arrive
2000 BC
Bronze is introduced into Ireland
500 BC
Greek writer
150 A.D.
Ptolemy 1st detailed description of Ireland
922
Vikings found Limerick
976
Born King of Munster
1002
Boru High King of Ireland
1014
BATTLE OF CLONTARF
irish Victory
Brian Boru
dead
HENRY II
eng. KING 12th cent.
1155
Pope Adrian IV
grants English KING the
right to invade Ireland
1166
O'CONNOR becomes
high
KING
DERMOT MACMURROUGH
is
deposed
(King of Leister)
returns to Ireland in 1167
Richard de Clare(STRONGBOW)
agreed to help Dermot to get his
throne
back, but will marry his daughter and become king after Dermot dies
1250-1350
English Landowners gradually absorbed into Irish society
1315
Scots
under
Edward Bruce
invade Ireland
1366
The STATUTES of KILKENNY
forbidden to intermarry between Irish and Anglo-Irish
Englishmen must speak English only and are forbidden to play irish games
1536
Henry VIII
head of
Church of Ireland
1556
Queen Mary sends English
people to settle land confiscated
from Irish rebels
from 1586
Elizabeth I
sends English people to settle land in Munster
1649
Oliver Cromwell(Puritan Lord Protector)
Victory in
CIVIL WAR
(
1641-49
)
GREAT REBELLION AGAINST PROTESTANT ENGLISH RULE, Support for Royalists High
he aimed to
reassert English rule
the Ulster Plantation
(North)
1688
William III of Orange invited by parliament
James II lands in Kinsale
(1989)
BATTLE OF THE BOYNE
(
1690
)
James II
DEFEATED
1798
battle of Vinegar Hill
Wolfe Tone dies
1803
Robert
EMMET
tries to RISE in
Dublin
and is afterwards
EXECUTED
1823
Daniel O.C founds
Catholic Association
1829
Catholic Emancipation ACT
Catholics are allowed to
enter parliament and hold public office
1845-49 GREAT FAMINE
Population of Ireland falls from 8 Million to 6.5 Million
due to
emigration
mainly from
ULSTER AND LEINSTER
emigration FALLS in April 2014
and
immigration rises
Queenstown
Coffin Ship
55 Million people worldwide with ancestry from Ireland
(while population 5 million)
1905 Sinn Fein
is founded(Irische
PARTEI
)
Form their own Parliament called
Dail Eireann
(1918)
1919-20 Anglo Irish War
1922-23
FROM BROTHERS IN ARMS TO ENEMIES IN CIVIL WAR
(
deValera & Collins
)
1969 Troubles in Northern Ireland
begin
1973
Ireland joins
EEC
1990s
CELTIC TIGER
rapid economic growth
2007
end of Troubles in Northern Ireland
NI regains its own Parliament
2008
1/3 of
Polish people
plan to leave within a year
(200 000 ppl)
Brian Cowen PM
Sept 25
Ireland goes into recession
(1st country after
bubble bursts
)
Sept 30th
Collapse US Investment bank Lehman
Ireland approves guarantee covering 400 bn of liabilities at six IRISH OWNED BANKS
NOV 28th
EU APPROVES 85bn rescue package for IRELAND
Dec 7th
Ireland sets out its
toughest ever budget on record
with
6bn tax rises
and spending cuts
very positive effects
DEC 2013
Ireland no longer in need of substantial financial aid on part of the EC
Anglo-Irish Ireland(1)
William III
James II
Battle of the Boyne(1690)
(also: Bill of Rights 1689)
William of the orange
William‘s Landing in Ireland 1690
IRELANDS DISTRICTS
ULSTER
Northern Ireland
part
devolved government at
STORMONT,BELFAST
(
8th May 2007
, after 40 years of Trouble)
Population:
1.8 Million
6
counties
capital:
BELFAST
Republic of Ireland(
EIRE
) part
PM = "Taoiseach"
current:
LEO VARADGAR(fine Gael)
capital:
Dublin
Only 3%
use Irish in everyday life
NORTH
CONNAUGHT
NORTH-WEST
part or EIRE
"to hell or to connaught
Cromwell times (1649)
LEINSTER
SOUTH-EAST
part of EIRE
MUNSTER
SOUTH-WEST
of EIRE
IRELAND
Completely
glaciated
at certain times of history(2 million years)
An
island
about 125 000 yrs ago
Monastic Ireland
Saint PATRICK
Christian missionary
patron saint of IRELAND
+Brigid of Kildare and Columba
Irish monastic system evolved after
Irish church
did NOT
develop the
diocesan model
at first after him
JERPOINT ABBEY
Cistercian abbey (late 12th century)
Rock of Cashel
(Tipperary)
group of medieval buildings
High Cross
Romanesque Chapel
castle
POPULATION
4.6 million in 2014
Traces of Settlement
CLONMACNOISE
(monastic site with cross)
ST. CIARAN
545 AD
good road travel location
graveyard
Glendalough
(monastic settlement)(ST KEVIN)
south of Dublin
founded by ST KEVIN
SKELLIG MICHAEL
(
588 AD
)
ruins
ABANDONED around 1100
Baile Atha Cliath
Dublin
Pulnabrone Dolmen
3800 BC
Bru na Boinne
Newgrange
Hill of Tara
(Meath)
since Stone Age
political and religious centre early centuries after Christ
Drombeg/Carrowmore
Megalithic Cemetry(sligo)
700 years before Newgrange
Dun Aonghasa
(
GALWAY
)
Stone forts on beautiful cliff
near:
Dun Aengus
(Aran Islands)
Loughcrew
(Meath)
hills of the witch
Cahir Castle
stronghold of Butler family
Kilkenny Castle
(statutes of Kilkenny 1366)
Parke's Castle(Leitrim)
17th cent.
plantation castle
FERNS CASTLE
(Wexford)
13th cent.
william, Earl Marshall
Bunratty Castle
most complete and authentic medieval fortress in Ireland
1425
works of art
Irish Language
1800
around
40%
spoke Irish
1845
around
30%
low
of
18%
while
3,5%
use it in everyday life today
OWN
ALphabet
Bunreacht na Heireann
Constitution of Ireland