Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Solids (Crystalline Solids: Crystalline Solids are solids with a fixed…
Solids
Molecular Solids: Molecular Solids are solids whose atoms are not bonded together. Molecular Solids are held together by intermolecular forces. Because the atoms are not bonded together they are generally weaker than a typical bond. The lattice points are typically held by molecules or atoms. An example of a solid with atoms at the lattice points is solid Krypton, while solid H2O or water has molecules at the lattice points. One example is solid Carbon Dioxide (Dry Ice).
Ionic Solids: Ionic solids are solids that are made up of ions that are oppositely charged. The opposing charges attract each other and hold the solid together. While the solid is made of positive and negative ions they cancel each other out making the overall structure neutral. Larger Ions are found at the lattice points. These Ions form the framework for the rest of the solid. One example of an Ionic Solid is Sodium Chloride, commonly known as table salt.
-
Amorphous Solids: Amorphous Solids are solids that are noncrystalline and not arranged in a definite pattern. https://www.britannica.com/science/amorphous-solid
Glass: Glass is an Amorphous Solid made of sand and other compounds such as Sodium Oxide. Glass is typically transparent and used in a variety of different uses such as bottles, optical lenses, and electronics.
Soda-Lime Glass: Soda-Lime Glass is composed of primarily Silicon Dioxide (70%), Sodium Oxide (15%), Calcium Oxide (9%), and then trace compounds (6%). Soda-Lime glass is the most common type of manufactured glass and is used in bottles and light bulbs.
Pyrex: Pyrex is a heat and shatter resistant glass made when combining Silicon Dioxide with Boron Trioxide. Pyrex is commonly used in laboratory equipment due to it's heat resistance.
Cobalt is added to Glass to give it a blue color. Cobalt glass is used for decoration, It's also used as a optical filter for flame tests. It's used to get rid of the yellow flame caused by sodium contaminants.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Graphite has interesting bonding in its structure. Each carbon atom is only bonded to three other carbon atoms, leaving one electron not in use for each carbon atom in graphite's structure. This organization of carbon molecules creates sheets that compose graphite. Graphite is most commonly used in pencils but it also has many other uses, spanning from common everyday uses to professional uses like steel making. Graphite is used to lubricate other substances and raise the content of carbon in steel, providing a much cheaper alternative.(https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/uses-of-graphite)
Unlike the carbon atoms in graphite, the carbon atoms in Diamond connect to four other carbon atoms, creating extremely strong bonds and a tetrahedral shape. Carbon atoms in diamond also have special properties. They are called sp3 hybridized, which means they have reached a new electron orbital and yield special properties and more complex shapes. In diamond, the bonds of these sp3 hybridized atoms create a three dimensional structure. Diamonds are the hardest substances on Earth and they also have an extremely high melting point of 3843 K and high density of 3.51 g/cm3. With these properties, diamonds are very valuable and are used in ways that either require powerful tools or high precision. Diamond tools are used to cut and drill through the hard Earth and doctors use diamonds in the medical field when in need of a high precision instrument. https://byjus.com/jee/diamond-and-graphite/
-
-
-
-
-
