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Solids (Crystalline ((image, Crystalline has the structure and form of a…

- - - - Group 8 crystalline solids are a specific variety of atomic crystalline solids. They are comprised of solidified, inert noble gases such as neon, argon, helium and radon, and can only occur at incredibly low temperatures.
      - Ex. Supersolid Helium
      - Group 8 solids are held together by covalent bonds
  - - - Carbon networks
        
        Graphite
        
        Graphite's structure is a series of repeated, connected, hexagonal carbon bonds that sit on top of each other in layers
        
        Graphite can be used in batteries, brake linings, and lubricants. Graphene, a component of Graphite, is one of the strongest known substances, but scientists have nit yet perfected the technology to extract it.
        
        Fullerene
        
        Fullerene's structure can be described as a mesh sphere in which carbon atoms are sing and double bonded to each other. Fullerene is an extreme naturally occurring form of pure Carbon
        
        Fullerene is currently used as an anti-aging and anti-damage treatment in cosmetics
        
        Diamond
        
        In a diamond structure, each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms, forming four single bonds.
        
        Due to diamond's high durability, it is very useful in the creation of high powered cutting tools.
      - Silicon Networks
        
        Silicon dioxide networks occur naturally in quartz formations. These networks have a melting point of ~1700°C. Additionally substances with these networks have a very durability, meaning they cannot be broken due to the incredibly strong covalent bonds. It is also unable to conduct electricity because all of the electrons are being held too tightly by the nuclei to allow the electrons to flow.
- - - - Safety Glass is two slabs of glass with a thin layer of plastic and adhesives in between. The three layers are fused together to form one piece. This object cannot be shattered by heavy objects, which is why it is called safety glass.
    - - Colored glass is mixed with metal oxides, it creates different colors. Iron Oxide creates green, Copper Oxide creates red, Cobalt oxide creates blue and so on.
    - - Optical glass is used to make lenses, which are used in spectacles, cameras, microscopes, telescopes, and other visually enhancing instruments. It is also used to make glass prisms. Optical glass is made by fusing potassium carbonate, lead oxide and silica.
  - - - Natural
        
        An example of a natural polymer is a DNA strand. DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, is a polymer located within all living things that serves as a blue print for all organic processes. DNA is composed of a series of monomers called nucleotides, and the specific order of nucleotides determines the genetic characteristics of the organism.
      - Synthetic
        
        Synthetic polymers are man made and are usually created from petroleum oil.
        
        An example of a synthetic polymer, is nylon. Nylon is composed of a repeated alternating sequence of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine. Nylon is commonly used in clothing, tire reinforcement, and thread.