Solids
amorphous solids
crystaline solid: A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents that are placed in an ordered microscopic structure, forming that extends in all directions.
Glass
polymers
molecular solids: atoms ions or molecules are at the lattice point. They are held by IMF or intermolecular forces. An example is table sugar
ionic solids: larger ions are the lattice points and is held together by positive and negative ions. An example of an ionic solid is salt
Atomic solids: connected by covalent bonds, this solid has a very high melting point.
Metallic Solids: held together with a metallic bond, and have a molecular orbital that spans across the entire solid. An example is Iron
network solids
Group 8 Solids: are also known as crystalline solids and have covalent bonds. An example of a Group 8 Solid are solidified noble gases like neon.
silicon dioxide networks
carbon networks
graphite: has sheets of carbon covalently bonded together then stacked. Graphite is used in things such as pencil lead and break liners. Graphite
use link
diamond: has the "ball and stick format" which means that the carbon atoms and covalent bond connect. Current use for the diamond is an abrasive in something like a saw, or as jewelry. Diamond use link
fullerene: bonds resemble a soccer ball. Its use helps delay AIDS and HIV Fullerenes use Link
nylon: place for group of synthetic polymers, nylon is the first successful thermoplastic polymer
DNA : the monomers are nucleotides and DNA is the composition of our genetic information
covalent network: their lattice point is where the two connect to each other with a covalent bond.
silicon dioxide networks: found naturally in quartz, water and the earth's crust. Some major characteristics are its high melting point and how it forms at a low pressure
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/silicon-dioxide
laminated glass: is made by placing PVB between two layers of glass. It is then sealed by using a series of heat and pressure. The chemical bond is created from the hydrogen bonding to the glass.
tempered glass: heat the glass up in a tempering oven. After it is cooled in a process called "quenching". Chemical tempering is another way where chemicals exchange ions on the surface in order to temper.
annealed glass: anneal is used to describe the cooling process applied to the glass to make it into windows and cabinet doors. This type of glass is much more durable than normal glass. To make this glass the user adds Limestone.