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EPR (Upstream design improvements (Design for disassembly, Design for…
EPR
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Downstream improvements
Establish facilities for recycling and proper disposal, facilities to warn the public about environmental consequence of the alternatives
Produce available information on recycling and disposal, as well as information on dismantling and the effectiveness of remanufactured prefabrication products
Control downstream activities in an environmentally sound and socially acceptable way to adequately reflects environmental consequences
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IPR or CPR?
Individual Producer Responsibility: every producer should be responsible only for its own products, identification and separation of different producers' products
Collective Producer Responsibility: producers be jointly responsible for the collection and recycling of a mix of all producers’ products and share associated costs based on sales volumes
the manufacturer and the customer are required to share the environmental costs incurred over the product’s life cycle.
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Cost efficiency from financial, rather than physical, responsibility