The operational heart of extremism to follow Lipset and Raab’s argument.

The key feature of a populist discourse is that a political actor pits ‘the people’ against ‘the elite’

Populists distrust most formal social institutions. Which this attitude is a effect of their opposition to elites and elite values.

Populism resist centralization, division of labor, classes, large-scale production, and politics that stress the supremacy of economic growth.

Populism as discourse as a particular mode of political expression rather than an ideology.

Populism was impose as a thin-centred ideology that considers society to be ultimately separated into two homogeneous and antagonistic groups, the pure people and the corrupt elite.

Populist ideology stresses the idea of a harmonious and homogenous people.

populism aims at a politics of simplicity. Politics should be as simple and direct and solutions to political problems should be formulated in a way that is commonly understood .

Populists use the existence of nontransparent political procedures to verify the plausibility of their conspiracy theories.

Müller controvert that populists always claim that they, and only they, represent the people. so all political competitors are seen by the populists as being part of “the immoral, corrupt elite.

Müller peek populism as a distinct moralistic imagination of politics, a way of perceiving the political world that sets a morally pure and stable.

In the discourse they are primarily preoccupied with questions pertaining to national identity and national security

Since the 1980s, they have emerged and become established in a great number of European countries.

to keep the nation as ethnically homogenous as possible.