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erythroblastosis Fetalis HDN Hemolytic disease of the newborn (clinical…
erythroblastosis Fetalis
HDN
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
is a hemolytic anemia in neonate
caused by
transplacental transmission of maternal
Ab to fetal RBC
Rh -ve mother carrying her 1st
Rh+ fetus
Rh antigens from the
developing fetus can enter
the mother's blood
during delivery
in response to the
fetal Rh antigens
the mother will produce
anti Rh antibodies
if the woman becomes pregnant
with another Rh +ve fetus,
her anti Rh antibodies
will cross the placenta
& damage fetal RBCs
1st delivery -no harm
the incidence rises
with subsequent pregnsncies
clinical features
erythroblastosis fetalis
erythroblastosis
rapid production of
Rbc by hematopoietic tissues
of baby
in order to replace hemolysed rbc
-release nucleated blastic rbc from
bonemarrow
anemia
splenomegaly & hepatomegaly
to replace hemolyzed rbc
in gestational life
icterus gravis neonatorum
severe jaundice in newborn child
kernicterus
bliirubin crosses BBB
causing brain damage
(esp to the motor area
hydrops fetalis
edema
causes cardiac failure
& intrauterine death
-is characterised by -agglutination & phagocytosis
of the fetus's RBC
prevention & treatment
anti D prophylaxis
antibody mediated
immunosupression
inject anti D antibody in
mother soon after birth
fetal Rh typing
& then give anti D Ab
to mother in 28-30 weeks
during pregnancy
exchange
transfusion
to replace the neonate's
blood with Rh -ve blood
(Rh +ve is being removed
Rh +ve father