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States of Matter By: Monique and Galvin (Change of Matter (Melting…
States of Matter
By: Monique and Galvin
Gas
Properties
Flows easily and it is easy to compress
Definite mass but its volume can vary
Takes up the shape of the container holding it
Particles
Forces of attraction are very small
molecules are very small and can move away from each other and travel in all directions
Examples
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Helium
Liquid
Particles
The molecules are weaker than particles in solid.
They have weaker forces of attraction between each molecule that allows them to move, this is why liquid can flow.
They flow/slide against each other.
Properties
Has a definite shape and volume
It is hard to compress but it flows easily
The shape of the liquid depends on the shape of the container
Examples
Water
Oil
Soup
Milk
Alcohol
Coffee
Solid
Properties
Has definite mass and a definite shape
It has a 3D structure
Cannot be compressed
Particles
The molecules are packed together.
They vibrate around each other.
They have strong forces of attraction between each other.
Examples
Chair
Pot
Flag
Trees
Spoons
Wood
Change of Matter
Melting
from solid to liquid
particles
the molecules in solid gain enough energy to start fight the force that keeps them in one position
the molecules start to move out, they move more freely
examples
ice left outside the fridge for a long time
melting of steel
melting of candle after being lit for some time
melting of butter
Freezing
Examples
making icecubes
making ice cream and ice pops
when waterfalls turn to ice during winter
magma hardening to rocks
from liquid to solid
particles
the molecules lose energy and stop moving
the only movement happening is the vibration of the molecules
the molecules become closely packed together
Evaporating
Examples
sweating is actually an example of evaporation
the rain cycle
Wet clothes drying under the sun
Particles
The molecules moves very quickly until they escape into the atmosphere as water vapor
they get even more energy to get even more apart from each other
liquid to gas
Condensing
examples
dew forming on glass
glasses fogging up when you enter a warm place after a cold one
water droplets form
gas to liquid
particles
it loses kinetic energy and the molecules slow down
come closer together
Sublimation
particles
the force which binds the particles together are quickly lost and they move away from each other
completely ( solid to gas )
the particles lose their energy so quickly that they come together and are held by
the forces between them ( gas to solid )
examples
dry ice
air fresheners
mothballs
from solid to gas or gas to solid
Boiling
liquid to gas
Particles
bubbles of gas form when a liquid
reaches its boiling point
particles in the liquid move more quickly and escape from the surface of the liquid to form bubbles
Example
water heated or boiled
Additional
Diffusion
a process in which one substance spreads out one another
the moving particles in different liquids move around each other and the particles in different gases bounce off each other
Dissolving
when a solid dissolves in liiquid, it seems to disappear into it
the particles separate and spread out through the liquid
the liquid has gaps between its particles and the dissolving substance pass into them
Gas Pressure
gas pressure is generated by the force of gas particles as they push against the surface
gas heated = particles move faster and bounce off the surface with more force, so the gas pressure rises
gas cooled = particles move more slowly and bounce off the surface with less force, so the gas pressure falls
gas squashed into smaller volume (same temperature) = particles have less space to move and they bounce off the container surface more frequently, so gas pressure riises
States Of Matter Video