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Tourism and development (what is tourism (tourism trends (dips in tourism…

- - - - 1990s - breakup of soviet union
      - early 2000s - terrorism made people not want to travel
      - 2009 - global economic crisis
  - - - Globalisation/spreading culture Benefits economy - increase GDP, foreign investment, increase employment rates - The multiplier effect (indirect employment created by tourism), help improve the general quality of life for everyone. This includes public services like education and healthcare as well as infrastructure. With a rapid growing economy government can continue to improve the sustainable development of tourism. Locals are benifitted - as tourists buy locals products and as their quality of life is improved, Areas attract new business
- - - - Exploration - few people visit the area, area is unspoilt and few tourist facilities exist
        
        Involvement - when the place starts to see tourism as an economic opportunity so locals start to provide more services to meet the needs of the tourists.
        
        Development - where the destination has gained popularity and publicity so more large hotels and villas are built and roads are improved
        
        Consolidation - where facilities start to be fully utilised and the destination approaches its carrying capacity. Some tensions develop between the host and the tourists.
        
        Stagnation - when tourists get bored of the resorts, there is an economic decline and rise in unemployment. The destination also has little remaining natural environment and has the locals complaining about the tourists. the facilities for the tourists may decline as they become old and run down.
        
        decline -as the tourists are no longer interested - People lose their jobs related to tourism. The image of the area suffers.
        
        rejuvenation - investment and modernisation may occur which leads to improvements and visitor numbers may increase again - develops more sustainable strategies based upon lower visitor numbers.
        
        case study
        
        went from having very few tourists (less than 1 million annually) in the 1960s with quiet villages, clean and unspoiled beaches, and little pollution to having over 3 million annually in the 1970s.
        
        There was a rapid decline in farming and fishing and more jobs were available as construction workers, hotel workers, cafes and baristas. As the amount of farmland decreased, wildlife was being frightened away.
        
        In the 1980s the population of tourists grew rapidly to over 7 million visitors annually due to more publicity, cheaper air travel, and development of resorts. Airports were upgraded and the E340 highway (also known as the highway of death) was opened. This is when problems started to grow in the towns in Costa del Sol because of more congestion.
        
        In the 1990s it reached the point where visitors got bored causing unemployment to increase as tourism declined (30%). Older hotels started to look dirty and run down while other resorts like Benifiorm became saturated.
        
        Beaches all around the coast of spain rapidly become less clean as tourists litter and pollute the sea.
        
        In the late 1990s Europe also faced an economic downturn and Madrid also had the train bombing which increased the decline of tourism in spain.