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Biology (Genome- The genetic material of an organism, includes genes and…
Biology
Genome- The genetic material of an organism, includes genes and non-coding DNA
Chromosome- A threadlike structure of proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells 
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Good Mutations- A mutation that is beneficial to the creature in question.
Examples- A mutation that changes the animal's fur color to help it blend in with its surroundings and hide from predators. Another example is a mutation that makes said creature more attractive during mating season.
Bad mutations-A mutation that is harmful to an animal. Ex. Making the creature's fur color more visible to predators therefore making it more of a target. Also, the animal having some sort of mutation where it is not able to reproduce
Neutral mutations-a mutation where the animal is not put into a position where its life is at risk. Ex. albinism-see science world article on animals with albinism- or having a speech impediment. Another example could be dimples- see NewELA article, " cute features caused by gene mutations"-
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Dominant alleles-A variation of a gene that will produce a certain phenotype even when other alleles are present/It dominates over the other alleles. Ex. HH/Hh
Recessive alleles-A variety of the genetic code that does not show/create a certain phenotype if a dominant allele is present. EX. hh
Sexual reproduction- The process in which two organisms are created by combining the genetic information from two individuals of different sexes. Advantages- Genetic variation and less of a chance of passing on genetic diseases. Disadvantages- Takes a while and requires two partners
Aexual reproduction- offspring are born from one organism Advantages- Only requires one person/organism and offspring goes quick
Disadvantages- Less genetic variation and if there is a disease that kills on member, then it will get passed on.
Natural selection- The process where organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring/ Example- Tree frogs are sometimes eaten by snakes and birds
Artificial selection- The artificial process where the selection is done favoring the desired characters in the new organisms. Examples- Cloning Dogs and Crispr/CAS9