Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

MTGW_Jimenez_Zacatenco (Italy (Causes of Expansionism (Impact of fascism…

- - - - Abyssinia- Long term nationalist ambitions to become a imperialist power. Consolidate Mussolini's regime. Abyssinia not modernized, easy target. Economic goals as mentioned. Drawing on colonial troops to bolster military might. Italy had already acquired colonial territory on the border of Abyssinia, Somaliland, that would eventually lead to Mussolini's excuse to annex Abyssinia. In 1934 December, Italian and Abyssinian forces clashed at the disputed Wal Wal oasis. Mussolini demanded considerable compensation and sent a 500,000 man army into East Africa (1935). In 1936, Abyssinia was formally annexed by Italy.
  - - - Soviet feared fascism but also mistrusted the allies and wanted to create a popular front against fascism
        
        Britain and France appease Mussolini´s aggression hence the Invasion of Ethiopia and demanded the League of Nations to stop him
  - - - Mussolini pursued Fascist foreign policy. Characterized by the glorification of war, pursuit of imperial expansion, and a move away from diplomacy and cooperation. Fostered good relations with Hitler after 1934, began to emulate Germany's aggression.
    - - "The battle for the Lira" launched in 1926 involved the artificially overvaluing the Lira, resulted in Italian goods becoming more expensive and a consequent decline in exports and increase in unemployment. The Great Depression exacerbated these negative effects. Undermined support for the regime by elites. Aggressive foreign policies were used to divert attention from the failings of the corporate state. Abyssinia was targeted in order to gain territory, provide an export market, and for natural resources such as oil.
- - - - Refer to ideology. The Hossbach Memorandum was the summary of a meeting on 5 November 1937 between German dictator Adolf Hitler and his military and foreign policy leadership where Hitler's future expansionist policies were outlined. The aim of German foreign policy was to make secure and to preserve the racial community and enlarge it (gain territories with German population) and had to do it by force
    - - Mussolini did not support Hitler from the start, Anglo-German Naval Agreement, League of Nations's response: Abyssinia. All treaties, and all failures of the league
    - - By 1936, rearmament was not progressing fast enough for Hitler. The consumer economy was starting to struggle. Hitler believed that Germany's economic problems could only be solved by the acquisition of more land and living space. expansionism in order to gain resources for militarism.
  - - - In 1933 Hitler proposed, at the World Disarmament Conference, that all nations should disarm to Germany's level as stated in the Treaty of Versailles. In March 1935, Hitler announced that Germany was going to reintroduce conscription and create an army of 36 divisions, to 550,000 men strong. He also said that Germany was going to build up an air force (the Luftwaffe) and expand. The Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1935 (unhappy with France's pact with USSR) allowed Germany to expand their naval capacity to a limit of 35% of Britain's, beyond the limits set by the Treaty of Versailles. In 1936, Hitler announced that his troops (only 22,000) had entered the Rhineland, breaching the Treaty of Versailles
    - - Nazi-Soviet Pact: a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union
        
        Pact of Steel: The pact was initially drafted as a tripartite military alliance between Japan, Italy and Germany.
        
        Munich Agreement: a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders
  - - - Suggestions to reduce harsh restrictions.
        
        European powers were initimidating
        
        Hitlers takeover of Czechoslovakia outraged and shocked Britain
        
        France and Britain had no opinion of Hitlers militarization of Rhineland
        
        Britain offered aid to Poland regarding Hitlers demands on Poland
- - - - There was dissatisfaction with the political system. They had fear of left wing radicalism and tried to move towards democracy but reforms remained fragile. Conflicts led to Japan to military dictatorship.
      - Unemployment and industrial unrest developed, strike paralysed docks, farmers took big hits and suffered, Global Depression
      - Wall street crash- doubts on trustworthiness of USA. Japan depended on world trade and their exports fell. Smoot Howley Act-high protective tariffs in US industry, Japanese good went up. Worst hit in the industry was silk.
    - - Sino Japanese War- Japan was dragged into interior China where they met Guerilla Warfare. In Nov 1932 Japan created a new political union between them, China, and Manchuia.
      - Nationalist Party lin China led by Jiang, had began a campaigh by national unification, anti-foreigner rhetoric demands.
      - 1921 Communist Party- Nationalist party leader Jiang was joined by this party at the united front
    - - Japan had an interest to take over Manchuria in order to grow and expand. Led to Manchurian Crisis were Japan was able to gain Manchuria and had control.
      - MAnchurian crisis led to Japan leaving the League of Nations, turning to isolation and abandoning international cooperation. Nationalish Party began.
      - Growth of nationalism led to intervention in China, deteriorating relationship with the west and Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
  - - - Manchuria had been an interest for Japan because it had the goods they needed to improve their economy. Japan wanted to have control over the resources there.
      - There was a set up of indeoendent government as a result of this crisis.
      - Sep 18 1931 , there was an explosion in South Manchuria and K army entred and began to seize more territory.
    - - This resulted in Japan having control which led to the Rape of Nanjing.
      - Chinese did not surrender and Japanese was brought down in trying to effectively end war by hoping the Chinese surrendered.
      - Marco Polo Bridge was where the fighting between Chin and Japan had occured.
    - - Japan needed raw materials to keep war effort going in China and the USA blockaded them which caused them to be angry.
      - Japan got mad that while negotating with the USA they kept on trying to limit the expansion of Japan.
      - Sep 1940 Japanese signed the pact which agreed Italy and Germany would dominate Europe and leave Japan to dominate east Asia. July 24, Japan invaded southern indo China and USA and Great Britain froze all Japanese assets.
  - - - Marco Polo Bridge- was a trigger for war between Japanese and China in 1937
      - May 1933 Japan signed truce with chinese nationalists, pressures to expand China had faliures
      - SIno Japanese War of 1937- Japanese attack was brutal and terrorized Chinese refugess fled into the enterior. Japanese carried our Rape on Nanjing.
    - - July 1939, Americans cancelled commerce and Navy Treaty with Japan.
      - Sep 1940, USA banned exports of Iron to Japan, this affected them greatly for they were dependent on USA goods.
      - The USA imposed total trade embargo with Japan and USA gave chinese nationalist massive loan to resist Japan.
    - - 1933- Japan left League of Nations after acceptance of the Lytton Report