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MTGW_Perez_Saadia (Japan (Response (US made the Open Door Policy with…

- - - - Japanese resented US influence in Asia and in the Pacific through their expansionist policies
      - Oct. 1937: President Roosevelt called out aggressive forces (like the Japanese) in Quarantine Speech
      - US declared war on Japanese in Dec, 1941→ caused the US to build airfields in Southeast china and cut off imports from Japan
- - - - -Determination to make Italy a greater European Power. -Glorification of war; turned into more of an aggressor.
        -Italy moved away from Great Britain and France.
        -The Abyssinian Crisis
        -Sends Fascist Spanish leader military support (1936)
    - - -Population was internally divided because of regional, economic and political issues. Participation in WW1 brought strain.
        -The government owed industrialists war loans.
        -Italy wasn't granted territories it had been promised in Treaty of London (1915), motive for expansion.
        -Threat of communism.
        -Great Depression led to GB, F and the US putting up trade barriers (on whom Italy was previously depended on) and allowed Italy to trade with European nations such as Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania.
        -more freedom to operate foreign policies
        -Major increase in military spending which gave them the courage to stand against Germany in 1934 when it tried to implement Aunchluass.
    - - League of Nations was failing at solving global issues because of the absence of major powers in the league.
  - - - -Italy already had poor parts or Africa but wanted to expand its empire.
        -Conspired the Wal-Wal (Dec 1934) Incident where a clash occurred between Italian and Abyssinian troops.
        -Italy had then demanded an apology and a reparation but Abyssinia appealed to the League of Nations. A committee was held and the incident was deemed minor and GB + F didn't interfere because they needed Italy to go against Germany.
        -Abyssinia then was invaded by Italy and taken over.
    - - After Abyssinia, Italy was interested in Albania, a fairly new country with great resources and was a monarchy. It was previously captured by Italy in WWI but later taken by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
        -Italy assumes protectorate over Albania.
        -King Zog I removes Italian military advisors to show independence.
        -March 1939 Italy sends ultimatum to Albania.
        -April 10 1939, all of Albania was occupied.
    - - May 1939, Germany and Italy sign Pact of Steel, a formal military alliance which promised mutual war support, co-operation in economic crises, and sharing of military aid.
        Italy wasn't ready for war and wasn't informed by Germany until Aug of 1939. --> Germany allows Italy to stay in alliance and not fight until it was ready.
        Jun 10, 1940 Italy joins the war.
  - - - Oct. 1935, the League of Nations condemned Italy's invasion and applied economic sanctions.
        The emperor of Abyssinia Haile Selassie was allowed to speak at the League of Nations ---> Italy withdraws from the League.
        -Hoare and Laval Pact (Dec 1935) which would give 2/3 of Abyssinia to Italy. (was leaked and led to great outrage) They needed Italy against Germany anyways.
        -the USA didn't support it, blocked sale of war supplies to both sides (Neutrality Acts), refused to recognize the annexation
        -Soviet Union participated in economic sanctions and heavily opposed Italy's actions.
    - - -B and F were occupied with Germany's demands in Poland and therefore didn't protest.
        -Greece and Yugoslavia were afraid of Italy and also wanted a piece of Albania so they also didn't protest.
        -League of Nations ignored the whole thing; collective security had failed by this time.
        -only the Soviet Union protested Italy's actions but to no avail.
- - - - -increased military spending to rearm Germany -1933 withdrew Germany from League of Nations
        -1936 remilitarization of Rhineland
        -1936 support for Spanish Civil War (fascist side)
        -Anschluss, referendum and majority voted in favor
        -1938 occupation of Czech and Sudetenland
        -Invasion of Poland
    - - Germany was often late and unable to pay war reparations, simply for they were too high and Germany wasn't doing so great economically. Germany also was in great hyperinflation. (early 1930s) caused Germany to deny to pay reparations to France and make its workers strike in the invasion of Ruhr.
        Impositions of Treaty of Versailles led Hitler to deny it.
        The Great Depression left Germany's economy greatly crippled.
    - - Followed primarily by Britain (1930s) to settle international disputes by satisfying grievances through compromise and negotiation.
        Appeasement encouraged Hitler to be increasingly aggressive and each victory gave him confidence, therefore increasing his power.
        It is viewed as a cowardly policy but they had just come out of a great world war, didn't want another war and were economically beat.
        They feared communism and thought appeasement would satisfy Hitler or buy them more time.
  - - - France and Britain Needed the soviets help to defend poland and other eastern interests
      - France and Russia had a long history of cooperation
      - Bitian and Chamberlain had trouble trusting USSR
      - Soviets were militarily weak after stalins purges, which could lead Germany into war.