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The Age of Revolutions (1740-1850 ca.) (French Revolution (1789) (Events…
The Age of Revolutions (1740-1850 ca.)
Industrial Revolution (1740ca. onwards)
French Revolution
(1789)
Causes
Huge gap between the third State and the aristocracy
The poorest majority are starving
Philosophical ideals of freedom and equality
Events
1789: Storming of the Bastille People take to the streets and start a series of violent riots (barricades, killings, etc.)
The people take the power
Members of the royal family are executed; a Republic is established
Power is gradually taken by the Directory, who start a strong repression of freedoms
Main principles
Social equality
Freedom
Brotherhood
OUTCOME
NEGATIVE
: The Republic was brought down and France became a monarchy again under Napoleon
POSITIVE
: The 'wind of change' started by the French Revolution never subsided, and inspired most of European countries to rebel against the ruling monarchies
The risk of the 'revolutionary contagion' scared the monarchies ruling throughout Euope
American Revolution
(1776)
Causes
Americans are not represented in Parliament
Americans are aware of their worth
Americans pay high taxes to the motherland
"No taxation without representation"
Events
1776: Declaration of Independence
Period leading to 1776: Americans try to obtain equal status with British subjects, especially concerning the right to be elected in Parliament
Britain refuses all proposals
the monarchy rejects the Declaration of Independence
War between England and the American colonies (supported by France and Spain) breaks out
1783 Americans win
America becomes and independent country
Main principles
Independence
Freedom
Equality
OUTCOME
POSITIVE
: The United States are still a democracy, based on the same Constitution that was drawn in 1783
Romantic Revolution
(1790s-1830s)