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Chronic Asthma (Diagnosis ((Provocative testing (Ortega & Genese,…
Chronic Asthma
Diagnosis
Provocative testing (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Provoke bronchoconstriction (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Decrease in FEV1 > 20% is diagnostic of asthma (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Pulmonary function testing (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Decrease in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio is diagnostic of asthma (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Past medical history/Clinical exam (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Chest X-ray (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Lung hyperinflation/segmental atelectasis (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Decipher between asthma and COPD (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Normal values found in asthma (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Treatment
Persistent asthma
Inhaled Corticosteroids (budesonide, fluticasone) (Huether & McCance, 2019)
Leukotriene antagonists (montelukast) (Huether & McCance, 2017)
Anti-inflammatory medications (Huether & McCance, 2017)
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Severe asthma
Long-acting beta-agonist inhaler (Advair) (Huether & McCance, 2017)
Avoidance of allergens/irritants (Huether & McCance, 2019)
Epidemiology
Decrease incidence with high microbial exposure during childhood (Morris & Pearson, 2019)
Risk factors
African American (Morris & Pearson, 2019)
Familial history/Genetics (Morris & Pearson, 2019)
Males during childhood (Morris & Pearson, 2019)
Females during childhood (Morris & Pearson, 2019)
Industrialized Nations (Morris & Pearson, 2019)
Almost 8% of American population (Hammer & McPhee, 2019)
Clinical Presentation
Clinical Manifestations
Exercise intolerance (Morris & Pearson, 2019)
Recurrent bronchitis/croup (Morris & Pearson, 2019)
Nonproductive cough (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Hyper-inflated lungs (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Barrel-shaped chest (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Wheezes during forced expiration (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Typically asymptomatic between exacerbations (Ortega & Genese, 2019)
Pathophysiology
Recurrent/untreated airway inflammation (Huether & McCance, 2017)
Chronic airway resistance (Huether & McCance, 2017)
Lung hyperinflation (Huether & McCance, 2017)
Uneven V/Q ratios (Huether & McCance, 2017)
Air trapping (Huether & McCance, 2017)
Airway remodeling (Hammer & McPhee, 2019)
Irreversible damage (Huether & McCance, 2017)
Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy (Huether & McCance, 2017)
Scarring/Fibrosis (Huether & McCance, 2017)