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Photosynthesis (Distribution of Chloroplasts (Chloroplast structure…

- - - - large surface area - catch as much light as possible
      - thin - light penetrates through the leaf
      - Stomatal pores - Allows carbon dioxide
      - Air spaces in spongy mesophyll + space between palisade cells - Allow Carbon dioxide to diffuse into photosynthesising cells
    - - Transparent cuticle and epidermis + thin cellulose walls - light penetrates to mesophyll
      - Large vacuoles in palisade cells - chloroplasts form single layer so don't shade each other
      - Palisade cells are cylindrical + elongated at right angles to surface of the leaf - light only passes through one palisade cell before reaching chloroplasts - stop light being absorbed before chloroplasts
    - - Large surface area - maximum absorption of light
      - Move within palisade cells - e.g. towards top on dull days - if light intensity is high move to bottom of cell to protect pigments
      - rotate - thylakoids maximise absorption of light
      - pigments in the thylakoid are a single layer at the surface of the membrane - maximise absorbtion
      - 5x as many in palisade mesophyll than spongy mesophyll - more chloroplasts - palisade at top of leaf - exposed to more light
- - - - chlorophyll a
      - chlorophyll b
      - beta carotene
      - xanthophylls