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Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System 108321110 陳美嬌…

- - - - Osteoblasts
      - Osteoclasts
      - Osteocytes
    - - inorganic material (mineral salts such as calcium and phosphate) 70%
  - - - With bending, twisting, or straight tension, stress may exceed the bone’s tolerance, and a fracture occurs on the convex side of the bend.
        Cancellous bone, which has a spongy or lattice-like appearance, is found in the interior of bones.
      - Does not tolerate compression stress
  - - - Receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand(RANKL)
      - PTH
      - 1,25(OH)2D
      - Estrogen
- - - - High fever
      - Pain
      - Muscle spasms
      - Redness
      - Swelling
      - Refuse to move the limb
    - - Fever
      - Malaise
      - Anorexia
      - Night sweats
      - Weight loss
      - Pain at rest
- - - - Small frame
      - Caucasian or Asian race
      - Early surgically induced menopause
      - High doses of thyroid hormone supplementation
      - Use of corticosteroid drugs (such as prednisone)
      - A diet low in sources of calcium and vitamin D
      - Physical inactivity
      - Smoking or increased alcohol intake
  - - - Bisphosphonates
      - Selective estrogen receptor modulator, SERM
      - RANKL inhibitor
      - Cathepsin-K inhibitor
    - - Hormone therapy
      - (Parathyroid hormone, PTH)