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Russian social cleavages (Class Cleavages (Upper class v lower class (Many…
Russian social cleavages
Gender Cleavages
Men v Women
In 2017 the gender pay gap was around 26% much lower than the 60% just a century prior. The Pay gap is getting much smaller but is still nowhere close to equal.
Women's marches are slowing becoming bigger and bigger from a tiny group in 2013 to several dozen in 2018.
Earlier this year on National Women's day, it was a celebration centered around typical gender roles. Like with the photoshoot that the Army had which is the header photo on page 2. None of the 45,000 women in the army were photographed instead women in balerina outfits next to these "strong" military men.
16% of senators and deputies are women and 3 of the 31 cabinet members were women in 2017. This is a small percentage but Russia is slowly improving with the percentage of women with political power
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Ethnic Cleavages
Russian's v immigrants
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The support for the slogan "Russia for Russians" jumped from 19 percent in 2018 all the way up to 50% in 2019.
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The main ethnic groups attacked were Roma, Chinese and Vietnamese ethnic groups followed by those who come from ex-Soviet Central Asian states and the North Caucasus.
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Political Cleavages
Putin v opponents
After the re-election of Putin in 2012 marking the start of his third term (over the term limit in Russia) many anti-Putin riots took place and we saw the start of the famous group "Pussy Riot" notorious for being anti-Putin and participating in many protests throughout Russia since 2012.
The Russian elections are known for being rigged, with Russia scoring a 0/12 in the electoral process on Freedom House. Opponents of Putin can't really do much about the outcomes of elections.
Many of Putin opponents end up not being able to get their name on the ballot with multiple being arrested before the election on questionable charges. This makes way for little competition
Now with the restriction of the internet allowing the government to control all aspects of Media is allowing Putin to consolidate even more power
Russia recent decision to disband the government is making way for Putin to become ruler for life, where they put more power in the Prime Minister and after his term as president runs out he assumes the prime minister role. This has created big protests, with some in Moscow and the opposition is calling for even more protests.
Regional Cleavages
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Urban v. Rural Divide
About 75% of the population is Urban compared to 25% rural. There is a great economic divide between the two groups. Also education wise the urban people are much more educated than the rural people leading many urban people to believe in pro-reform ideas.