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Short Term Effects of Exercise (Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac…
Short Term Effects of Exercise
Excessive post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
Work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during recovery
E
xcessive
P
ost-exercise
O
xygen
C
onsumption (
EPOC
) is the process which ensures that lactic acid is removed from the body by keeping an elevated breathing rate after exercise has stopped
EPOC
occurs when anaerobic exercise takes place, as there is a deficit in the oxygen required to meet the demands of the muscles
EPOC
requires the breathing rate, breathing depth and heart rate to remain elevated after exercise has ended, in order to repay this oxygen debt
Outline of the breathing rate of an athlete during and after anaerobic exercise
Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output during exercise
During exercise, the heart rate and stroke volume increase in proportion to the increase in the intensity of exercise until a plateau is reached
This result in a greater cardiac output which provides the body with greater levels of oxygen during exercise
Heart rate will increase until it plateaus when it reaches the individual's maximum heart rate (220 - age)
Stroke volume will increase until it plateaus at around 60% intensity
Cardiac output will continue to increase with an increase in exercise intensity. Once stroke volume plateaus at 60% intensity, the increase in cardiac output is due to the continued increase in heart rate
What happens
Exercise leads to a number of changes to the body as we begin to take part and continue up to 24-36 hours after participation
The physical effects
Increased temperature
as energy produces heat. This in turn causes us to
sweat
as a method of cooling us back down
Muscle fatigue
due to lactate accumulation impacting on muscular contractions
Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output
increases forcing blood out of the heart at an increased rate and at an increased pressure to deliver oxygen to the working muscles
Increased breathing rate
and
depth of breathing
due to the increased demand of oxygen by the working muscles. These remain elevated for a short period after exercise to
repay oxygen debt
(shortage of oxygen)
Lactate accumulates
in the muscles due to a lack of oxygen and increased production of carbon dioxide (when exercising anaerobically)
Delayed onset of muscle soreness
(
DOMS
) can occur within 24-36 hours after exercise due breakdown of muscle fibres during exercise
Cardio-respiratory function
The work of the cardiovascular and respiratory system during exercise
The increased cardiac output means more blood and therefore, oxygen is pumped around the body
This blood goes into the lungs where it becomes oxygenated
The increased depth and rate of breathing meaning that more oxygen is able to be transported in the blood
The blood then transports oxygen to the working muscles through vasodilated arteries
The blood removes carbon dioxide from the working muscles
More carbon dioxide can be breathed out due to a greater breathing rate
