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Science Coggle (What happens in each phase (1Interphase- Spends 90% of its…
Science Coggle
What happens in each phase
1Interphase- Spends 90% of its time, DNA starts to duplicate, cell starts to grow, longest stage of mitosis.
2Prophase-DNA starts to condense into chromosomes, Nuclear membrane diapers, Centerolies move to the polls of the cell.
3metaphase- the stage where chromosomes are in there second most condensed and coiled stage, SPindle fiber attach to centromers, The Spindle fibers start to line up the chromosomes in the middle of the cell.
4Anaphase-The spindle fiber start the pull the chromosomes apart to the opposite ends of the cell.
5Telaphase-Nuclear membrane fully surrounds the chromosomes, the cell membrane is pinching in the middle.
5Cytocenesis-Diploid number of chromosomes are made, 2 new identical cells a created, The 2 new cells are called daughter cells.
Meiosis
Moises has 4 gametes, gametes are sex cells. Sex cells are Sperm cells and egg cells. Sperm and egg cells are Prokaryotes, prokaryotes are a single celled organisms ex: Bacteria, sperm, egg
Meiosis produces 4 haploid cells. Meiosis is also where crossing over happens Crossing over, Process in genetics by which the two chromosomes of a homologous pair exchange equal segments with each other. Crossing over occurs in the first division of meiosis. At hat stage each chromosome has replicated into two strands called sister chromosomes.
Diploid
PMAT2
Sex cell(s)
Mitosis
Haploid
PMAT1
2 cells are created that are identicle
Body cells
Asexual Reproduction: A type of reproduction in which an identical offspring is created from a single organism without the need of a partner.
Fragmentation - Parent body breaks into pieces, which can produce an offspring
Budding - An offspring grows out of the body of the parent.
Parthenogenesis - Female produces eggs which don't need to be fertilized. Found in all animal types except mammals
Parthenogenesis - Female produces eggs which don't need to be fertilized. Found in all animal types except mammals
Microscopes
First microscope was made by Antony Van Leeuwenhoek in 1666 which was had a single lens and was hand held.
The first compound microscope was created by Zacharias Janssen. A compound microscope creates a 2 dimential image.
Electron microscope: A electron microscope uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. The inventors of the electron microscope is Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll.
Opticle microscope:A opticle microscope Uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify images of small objects. Zacharias Janssen is the creater of the compound micrscope.
Sexual Reproduction: A type of reproduction where a diverse offspring(s) is created by 2 organisms
Pollination - Pollen is transferred to an egg for fertilization to occur
External Fertilization - Fertilization is complete outside the body. Female lays egg sperm near/on the eggs.
Internal fertilization - Fertilization occurs within the female, this is found in mammals, insects, birds, reptiles, etc.
Flowers
Femaile
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovules
Pistil
Male
Pollen Grains
Filament
Anther
Stamen
Phases
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telaphase, Cytokenesis, ProphaseII, MetaphaseII, AnaphaseII, TelaphaseII, CytokenesisII
DNA finger printing
DNA fingerprinting relies on the unique patternmade by a series of DNA fragements after seperating them according to length by gel electroporesis.
DNA cloning
In reproductive cloning, researchers remove a mature somatic cell, such as a skin cell, from an animal that they wish to copy. They then transfer the DNA of the donor animal's somatic cell into an egg cell, or oocyte, that has had its own DNA-containing nucleus removed.
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering, also called transformation, works by physically removing a gene from one organism and inserting it into another, giving it the ability to express the trait encoded by that gene.