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Chapter 2 (Vocabulary (Self-concept: The relatively stable set of…
Chapter 2
Vocabulary
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Personality: The set of enduring characteristics that define a person's temperament, thought processes, and social behavior.
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Significant Other: A person whose opinion is important enough to affect one's self-concept strongly.
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Self-fulfilling prophecy: A prediction or expectation of an event that makes the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise have been the case.
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Interpretation: The perceptual process of attaching meaning to stimuli that have previously been selected and organized.
Sex: A biological category such as male, female, or intersex.
Gender: Socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a society considers appropriate for men and/or women.
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Stereotyping: The perceptual process of applying exaggerated beliefs associated with a categorizing system.
Self-serving Bias: The tendency to interpret and explain information in a way that casts the perceiver in the most favorable manner.
Empathy: The ability to project oneself into another person's point of view, so as to experience the other's thoughts and feelings.
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Perception Checking: A three-part method for verifying the accuracy of interpretations, including a description of the sense data, two possible interpretations, and a request for confirmation of the interpretations.
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Perceived Self: The person we believe ourselves to be in moments of candor. It may be identical to or different from the presenting and ideal selves.
Presenting Self: The image a person presents to others. It may be identical to or different from the perceived and ideal selves.
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Facework: Verbal and nonverbal behavior designed to create and maintain a communicator's face and the face of others.
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Script: Habitual, reflexive way of behaving.
Key ideas
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Social comparison also has a major influence on how we view ourselves. This is especially prevalent today with social media.
As we get older, other people's views of us don't affect us as much.
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Connections
I identify as female and since society has all these expectations for how women should act, I often find myself conforming to those societal expectations.
It took me a long time to finally be able to have a strong sense of self-worth. I can confidently say that I now have high self-esteem.
Often when I expect something to go well or poorly, my actions influence the way that particular event goes.
When someone doesn't return my text message, I always find myself wondering if they are disinterested or if they got distracted.
I have definitely noticed that when I'm hungry or tired, I don't communicate as well with others as I would if I was well-rested and well-fed.
I sometimes find myself assuming that people who live in cities outside of Seattle like Tacoma, Everett, Marysville, etc. must have different political views than me.
Examples from text
Before transitioning, Caitlyn Jenner "didn't want to disappoint people" which is why she didn't fully embrace who she felt she was for so long.
Women who compare themselves to thin, attractive models on social media are more likely to develop negative views of their own bodies.
"You expected to become nervous during a job interview, and your anxiety caused you to answer questions poorly." (example of "self fulfilling prophecy")
If a person is demonstrating more intense stimuli such as being loud or obnoxious, we are more likely to be attracted to or focus on that person.
The prison experiment conducted by Zimbardo made those playing the role of "prison guard" turn into the type of people they perceived prison guards to be.
When communicating via text or social media, people often choose the most flattering photos to post or like about certain things to create the desired impression they want to make.