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Specialised Cells and Tissues (Palisade Cell (thin cell wall, located…
Specialised Cells and Tissues
Palisade Cell
thin cell wall
located below epidermis and cuticle
absorbs max. light for photosynthesis
more chloroplasts
main site of photosynthesis
vertically elongated
large vacuole
regular shape
Root Hair Cell
no chloroplasts
absorbs water by osmosis
large, permanent vacuole
located in roots of a plant
absorbs minerals by active transport
lots of mitochondria
thin cell wall
long elongations
bigger surface area
Squamous and Ciliated Epithelial Cells
like a conveyor belt
found in skin, blood, urinary tract etc...
cilia
line cavities of mouth, oesophagus, alveoli, blood vessels and air sacs
line areas that require a very thin surface
moves particles and mucus in a specific direction
traps dirt from inhaled air
Phloem
Sieve Tubes
no nuclei
perforated ends
found in plant cells
uses translocation
transport of organic nutrients
transports sugars
Companion Cells
provides energy
Sieve Tube is completely dependent on these
Sperm Cells
large numbers to improve chances of fertilisation
many mitochondria
acrosome
releases enzymes to penetrate egg membrane
tail (undulipodium)
passes on necessary genetic information to make new organism
develop in the testicles
Guard Cells
site of photosynthesis
form in pairs
found in plant cells
flat shape
found in the lower epidermis of the leaves
gaseous exchange
Erythrocytes
biconcave shape
flexible
transports CO2
found in bloodstream
contains haemoglobin
no nucleus
relatively small
transports oxygen in the blood
Xylem Cells
hollow
located in roots, stems and leaves
structural support
transport of water and minerals from roots to the trunk
Neutrophils
large, lobed nucleus
helps to heal damaged tissue
resolves infection
formed in bone marrow
located in blood
large amounts of lysosomes
reduced membrane stiffness
Cartilage
strong
flexible
contains Chondrocytes
semi-rigid
composed of collagen and elastic fibres
Hyaline cartilage
found in ribs, brachea, bronchi
provides support and flexibility
Elastic cartilage
provides support and maintains shape
found in outer ear
Articular cartilage
shock absorber
Muscle Tissue
Smooth Muscle
have a large length range
maintaining arteries diameter
found in the walls of hollow organs
moves food through digestive tract
changing size of pupil
Cardiac Muscle
found in the heart
pacemaker cells
keeps heart pumping through involuntary movements
Skeletal Muscle
found between bones
allows movement
cells merge
Muscle Cells
lots of mitochondria
present all over the body
elastic protein fibres
highly ordered structure
structural strength and movement