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Criminal Psychology (Part 2 - Criminal Conduct (The Scope of CP…

- - - - Role is to asses d for trial through psychometric/interview tools to help evaluate mind
        Important as police or court need to know if d is fit to stand trial e.g d may have a mental illness which was reason for crime and also may not be able to understand/comply with court proceedings
    - - Experimental P's role id to perform research to help validate a point in a case - this may be through tests in court to help jury in understanding a point - or to help prove credibility of an eyewitness testimony
    - - To prove analytical and statistical points of a case - The P may be asked to give an assessment of how likely d is to reoffend - This observation is based on previous stats of criminals and the individual's previous history (this helps with sentencing and parole allowances)
    - - As an advisory, the P will guide police in how to conduct an investigation properly (how to interview a suspect/witness in order to get accurate and credible info possible) - the P can also guide them on cues to look for, how c may act after crime, what type of c may have done the crime
  - - - The reasons behind cb are very complex and vary from person to person, however there are 2 main reasons - genetics and the environment
      - In 19thc many people believed that cb was purely down to genetics - that if the father was a c then the child was bound to grow up as one too as it was in the genes - likewise with mental disorders
      - As more research was conducted it became clear that even though genetics play a role in the characteristics of a potential, it was mainly down to environmental causes . (if a child was born to mentally ill parents but was given proper education and was nurtured to societal standards , then the chances of that child committing c acts decreased considerably)
      - Nowadays, researchers have come to conclude that it s far too difficult to predict if someone is likely to become c due to the amount of varying complex factors. However individuals can be classified as 'high risk' due to factors such as (financial problems, low social status, and genetics - especially disorders that are prone to increase aggression)
    - - Psychological model
        
        This approach involves assumptions that the individual is responsible for the act they have committed, that cb is down to personality. Abnormal/dysfunctional states can cause cb. Dysfunctional acts can also be due to inappropriate parental conditioning, lack of childhood learning and lack of a role model
      - Sociological model
        
        This model researchers aim to understand cb through social, political, and economic factors. The person is not considered to be bad necessarily but focuses more on the social context such as race, neighbourhood, education, political view, income and childhood history .
        
        Edwin H. Sutherland states that cb s a result f learned behaviour - the more someone sees aggressive or illegal acts the more likely they are to commit such acts themselves.
      - Biological model
        
        This states that cb is caused by a defect in the genetic or biological make up of an individual . There are many theories that agree with this biological explanation such as Lombroso Theory, Y Chromosone Theory and others.
        
        This model sets out ways to prevent cb such as psychosurgery, brain stimulation and hormone replacement
        
        Heredity, neurotransmitters malfunctions and brain abnormalities can all be the reason for someone to engage in cb