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Educational Learning Theories (Behaviourism (Positive Reinforcement,…
Educational Learning Theories
Behaviourism
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Focuses on the study of overt behaviours that can be observed and measured
Views mind as a black box that in responses to external stimulus can be observed quantitively
B.F Skinner
Constructivism
Piagets Theory of Constructivism
Personal constructivism
Emphasis is placed in the individual and knowledge construction is internalized
Follows a set of clearly defined stages
Include thought process, judgement, knowledge construction
Bruner's Theory of Constructivism
Children develop knowledge through three stages and is based on the interaction of three distinct modes representing the world
Enactive
Action based
Iconic
Image based
Symbolic
Language based
Vygotsky's Theory
The learning process involves interaction with other individuals where culture and society will influence the learning
Learning takes place in the zone of proximal development
Level of knowledge already attained and developed
Level of potential development
Educational Constructivism
Educational constructivist theories are often applied to technology supported learning
Self mediated
Learning with technology is a self mediated environment where the learner learns at their own pace
Constructionism
It is a method for focusing not only on prior knowledge but also a physical construction of a tangible product or artefact
Pillars of Constructionism
Designing meaningful products in a social context
Creation of tangible artefacts using objects (virtual or concrete)
Powerful ideas empower the learner
Reflection and refine artifacts through social interaction and sharing
Cognitivism
Seeks to understand how the mind works
Stimulus, Sensory Memory, Working Memory, Long Term Memory
Cognitive Load Theory
Long term memory can draw on upon the retrieval structures to make the necessary connections with the short term memory
3 types of Cognitive Load
Intrinsic Cognitive Load
Extraneous cognitive load
Germane cognitive load
Connectivism
Emerging theory for understanding learning in a digital age
Describes the effects of technology on how people connect, communicate and construct knowledge digitally
Central idea
Learners are connected to a learning community benefit from it while also contributing to it
Community as the clustering of similar areas of interest that allows for interaction sharing and thinking together
Situated learning and communities of practice
Learning that normally occurs imbedded within activity context or culture where the individual can constantly reorder and rearrange their understanding while interacting with the learning materials to construct new knowledge
Authentic and meaningful and motivating
Contrasts to class based learning which is less real