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non chemical influences on respiration (afferents from higher center (The…
non chemical influences on respiration
afferents from proprioceptors
active & passive movements
of joints stimulate respiration
helps incr ventilation
during exercise
afferents from higher center
The limbic system and hypothalamus
Both inspiration and expiration
are under voluntary control
•The pathway for voluntary control
pass from the neocortex to
the motor neurons and bypassing
the medullary neurons.
• Ondine’s curse : Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
-Automatic control is disrupted without loss of voluntary control.
-Brainstem damage from poliomyelitis
vagal afferents from
receptors in the airways & lungs
1.pulmonary stretch receptors
Hering-Breuer inflation reflex
is a reflex triggered to prevent
over inflation of the lung
pulmonary stretch receptors
present in the smooth muscle
of the airways respond to
excessive stretching of the lungs
during large inspirations
once activated they send
impulses to the apneustic center of the pons
in response the inspiratory
area is inhibited directly
& the apneusitic center is inhibited
frm activating the inspiratory area
this inhibits inspiration
allowing for expiration to occure
infaltion of the lung to a
vol greater than 1.5l initiates
reflex expiratlon
lung irritant receptor
Intrapulmonary bronchi and bronchioles.
(mechanoreceptors
Stimulated by chemical or mechanical irritant
gases,exogenous and endogenous substances, lung hyperinflation.
Increased respiration
others
swallowing reflex
respiration is inhibited when we swallow
deglutitional apnea
protects against aspiration